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Will treatment with transpeptidase eliminate gram positive and gram negative bacteria?
no
Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)?
often used with elevated alkaline phosphatase to clarify
How does penicillin work as an enzyme inhibitor?
Penicillin works by irreversibly inhibiting an enzyme (transpeptidase) that catalyzes a crosslinking reaction in the formation of the bacterial cell wall. Penicillin inhibits the transpeptidase by forming an irreversible covalent bond with the active-site serine residue in the enzyme
(GGTP or GGT) Gama Glutamyl transpeptidase?
Confirms findings of increase in ALP to the effect of cholestasis.....probably think bone if the GGTP comes back normal and they aren't pregnant
What has the author J M Ghuysen written?
J. M. Ghuysen has written: 'The bacterial DD-carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase enzyme system' -- subject(s): Carboxypeptidases, Effect of antibiotics on, Microbial enzymes, Microorganisms
Why does penicillin kill only actively multipling cells and lysozyme will kill cells in any stage of growth?
Penicillin inhibits transpeptidase, and enzyme that is necessary for bacterial cell wall synthesis. If a cell is not actively multiplying, then no cell wall synthesis is occurring and, therefore, penicillin does not inhibit the bacteria.
Can treatment with Transpeptidase eliminate gram positive bacteria from a mixture of gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria?
No. A treatment of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and the enzyme, lysozyme, will cause gram negative bacteria to lyse. Some gram positive bacteria can also be lysed by doing this. The EDTA stabilizes the solution and allows lysozyme to cut the bonds between the carbohydrates that make up the cell wall wall in bacteria. This will lyse the cell and cause the contents of the cell to be spilled out. This technique is primarily used for DNA assays. A good way to isolate either gram positive or gram negative is by using different types of agar. The MacConkey agarmight be the most useful for what you want to do. It will only allow gram negative to grow, isolating just the gram negatives only.
What is the difference between penicilin and streptomycin?
Peniciilin is derived from Penicillium chrysogenum and is active against Gram-positive bacteria. It connects peptidoglycan strands by irreversibly interacting with transpeptidase and prohibits the last cell wall synthesis. Streptomycin-sulfate is derived from Streptomyces griseusan and is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is active against Gram-negative bacteria and Mycobacteria and inhibits initiation of the protein biosynthesis. Penicillin and Streptomycin are often used together.
What does high gamma gt in blood mean?
The liver is a sort of chemical factory that makes some things that are essential to use in the body and it also breaks down and gets rid of some of the unwanted products of your body's chemical processes.Some liver function tests, like the gamma GT (gamma-glytamyl transpeptidase), are very sensitive and can be raised by something as simple as taking paracetamol regularly and perhaps a bit too often, or as complicated as showing damage caused by too much alcohol.Other liver function tests can be abnormal if certain drugs are making the chemical factory work too hard, or if the liver is being damaged by drugs.Or it could mean that the liver is affected by an infection, like a viral hepatitis or damaged by some other disease process.
What is the mechanism of action of co amoxiclav?
Amoxicillin binds to penicillin-binding protein 1A (PBP-1A) located inside the bacterial cell well. Penicillins acylate the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain by opening the lactam ring. This inactivation of the enzyme prevents the formation of a cross-link of two linear peptidoglycan strands, inhibiting the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that amoxicillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.
Post translational modification er?
-Some proteins are targeted to the ER by a signal sequence which is recognised by an SRP (signal recognition particle). The protein is translated into the ER through the translocon. Modifications: -Signal sequence is cleaved by a signal transpeptidase. -Protein folding is aided by molecular chaperones such as BiP and Calnexin. -O linked and N linked glycosylation occurs (N-linked most common). -Di sulfide bond formation occurs (highly reducing environment inside the ER unlike in the cytoplasm) - GPI anchor modifications -ubiquitination - and then proteins can be degraded by the proteosome in the cytosol. Occurs if protein is not folded correctly. The unfolded response can also occur.
Liver function tests?
DefinitionCommon tests that are used to evaluate liver function include:AlbuminAlpha-1 antitrypsinALPALTASTGamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)Prothrombin timeSerum bilirubinUrine bilirubinPlease see individual tests for details on how each is performed.Alternative NamesLFTReferencesPincus MR, Abraham NZ. Interpreting laboratory results. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2006:chap 8.Pincus MR, Tierno P, Dufour DR. Evaluation of liver function. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2006:chap 21.
