kg/s
in a radial flow turbine the steam enters the turbine in the direction of its radius and leaves it in the direction of the axis of the shaft. in a axial flow turbine the steam enters the turbine in the direction of the axis of the shaft and leaves the turbine in the same direction.
The length of a blade depends on the style (impulse or reaction), the overall size of the turbine, whether it is an axial flow or radial flow turbine, and where the blade is located within turbine of an axial flow turbine. One thing that is constant: the length of the blade increases from the steam or gas inlet to the discharge of the unit. The profile will gradually increase in diameter from inlet to discharge.
when steam flow blockage occured in steam turbine due to damage of blades/nozzles than steam temperature will increase so protect the turbine from high temperature this protection is introduced.
by controlling main steam flow
An example of an energy balance equation for a steam turbine can be expressed as: Input energy (steam flow rate x enthalpy of steam) Output energy (mechanical work done by the turbine heat losses)
A steam turbine/generating unit, or a naval vessel
The extraction of steam can either be controlled or uncontrolled. In an uncontrolled extraction the pressure of the extracted steam will decrease with an increase in extraction flow from the turbine. In a controlled extraction the extraction pressure is kept constant as extraction flow is increased or decreased.
The purpose of exhaust hood spray is to decrease the temperature of steam turbine last stage that is probably LP. This is operate on low load specially at start up and shut down of steam turbine when the temperature at the outer most edge of the turbine blades of that stage is very high and As we know that the steam flow also decrease The temperature of turbine blade.
Firstly, vacuum is being created in turbine exhaust and condenser rather than being required. It is created to reduce the back-pressures and to improve the turbine efficiency. Also, with vacuum the designers can design large size last stage blades of LP turbine for maximizing the turbine output.
BMCR is the boiler maximum continous rating .It is that the maximum temperature , steam flow or the pressure that is used to generate full load or the bolier can withstand.TMCR is the turbine maximum continous rating .It is that the maximum temperature , steam flow or the pressure that the turbine requires for generating full loadNOTE:BMCR WILL BE MORE COMPARED TO TMCR
Why extractions are taken out from steam turbine.
The Hayward-Tyler-Terry steam turbine consists of several key components: the rotor, which houses the blades that convert steam energy into mechanical energy; the stator, which contains stationary blades that guide the steam flow; the nozzle, where steam expands and accelerates before entering the rotor; and the bearings, which support the rotor and allow it to spin. Additionally, the casing encloses the turbine, maintaining pressure and directing steam flow. Together, these components work to efficiently convert thermal energy from steam into rotational energy.