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The orbit is an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. The major axis has a half-length of 149.6 million kilometres, and the Earth is at its nearest and furthest from the Sun when it is at either end of the major axis, in December and June.

The average distance is 149.6 million kilometres, but because the ellipse has an eccentricity of 1/60 the distance varies by one sixtieth of that, plus and minus.

The minor axis of the ellipse has a half-length of 149.58 million km so this ellipse is very close to circular, with the Sun 2.5 million km off-centre.

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