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The wining of a civil war led directly to Julius Caesar taking power. Caesar began the war after the senate issued an order for him to disband his army and to return to Rome to face a trial for irregularities that happened during his term as consul. My friend franary gave a good answer. Let me however embelish it to give readers a more complete picture of this major point in the history of Rome. In 60 BC a coalition of 3 popular leaders were appointed by the Roman Senate to rule the Roman Republic's vast empire. It was named the 1st Triumvirate. The 3 members of this ruling body were Crassus, Pompey and Julius Caesar. This was pleasing to the Roman people and the aristocracy. Crassus was a popular, wealthy, and successful general who crushed the slave revolt led by Spartacus in 71 BC. Caesar was a general who was also an aristocrat and popular with the peoples' party called the Popular Party. He allied himself with Crassus. This Triumphirate politically maneuvered to block the power of the Senate. This was over a period of seven years. In 59BC Caesar was charged with commanding the Roman legions in Gaul. ( now known as France and Belgium). Caesar crushed the Gauls and invaded Britain. Gaul was added as a part of the empire, not just a conquered nation. The group of 3 was renewed but Crassus was killed in action in Syria in 53 BC. Pompey was left alone in Italy & was able to gain full control due to the absence of Caesar. In 49 BC Caesar & his legions crossed the river Rubican. His goal was to remove Pompey. Pompey & his Senate supporters & his loyal legions fled Rome. His army was defeated in Greece. Caesar now was left with no rivals and made himself the ruler of all of Rome's empire. Under Caesar, reforms were instituted. He granted Roman citizenship to Rome's allies in Spain & Gaul. He introduced a new & better calendar. In 44 BC Pompey's old friends, Brutus & Cassius led the Senate members to assassinate Caesar with the charge he was trying to make himself king.

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