Reference function has no meaning. Variables are passed to functions by reference or by value, depending on the function signature.
By reference. The name of the string is converted to a pointer (in C/C++) and given to the function as the address of the first element. (In Java, all objects are passed by reference, and there are no pointers.)
In C++ (C Plus Plus), when you call by reference, you are directly accessing the data of the referenced object. When you pass an object to a function by reference, any and all alterations to the object made within the function carry through to the actual object.
In C++ (C Plus Plus), when you call by reference, you are directly accessing the data of the referenced object. When you pass an object to a function by reference, any and all alterations to the object made within the function carry through to the actual object.
A reference variable in C++ is a formal parameter of a function call that automatically dereferences itself, as if it were a pointer, into a reference to the original value in the calling routine. You declare the reference type in the function declaration and prototype, but the compiler automatically adds the reference (&) operator on call, and the dereference (*) operator on use.
A function can reference cells or named ranges in the function.
Call by reference means calling a function using a reference to a variable or a pointer. You call a function by passing refrences to a variable. For eg: void x(int &a) { a=2; } void main() { int s=3; x(s); } OR void a(int &c) { c=5;}void main(){ int *p; *p=2a(*p);}
Try to be more precise; explain what you mean by the type of a function.
The operator required to call c function using object name is function object. Other operator names that deal with objects are structure dereference, structure reference, and indirection
No predefined 'header' function in the standard C libraries. There are header files, if that's what you mean.
An alias is a reference, an alternate name for a variable or constant. You can assign the address of any variable or constant to a reference of the same type. A reference is a bit like a constant pointer to the type but, unlike a pointer, a reference has no address of its own thus you cannot store references. More importantly, references can never be NULL. They are simply an alternative name by which you can refer to an existing variable or constant. When you assign a value to an existing reference to a variable, you are assigning the value to the variable itself. When you pass a reference to a function, you are passing the address of the value being referred to, and that address is assigned to the function's reference argument and is local to the function. This is not unlike passing a pointer, but pointers may be NULL, references are guaranteed to be non-NULL (a NULL reference invalidates your program). Note that C++ references are not the same as C reference variables or constants. In C, a reference variable is simply a non-const pointer, while a reference constant is a constant pointer. Hence pointers can be dereferenced (both in C and C++). But in C++, a reference is neither a variable nor a pointer, but is constant (it always refers to the same object and cannot be reassigned once assigned).
Rather than a book, try googling for C TUTORIAL. Also you will need a good function reference. Peruse the function reference. It is impossible to know all the functions, all of the parameters that the various functions need. The key is to know where to find the information.
Call by value is where the argument value is copied to the formal parameter, which is then passed to the function. While the function is executing, it can see the copy of the argument, and it can modify it, if desired, but since it is a copy, it cannot modify the original argument.Call by reference is where the argument's address (or some kind of reference to it, see the clarification below) is copied to the formal parameter, which is then passed to the function. While the function is executing, it can see the original argument, and it can modify it, if desired.Note that, formally, C and C++ are always call by value. When we use so-called call by reference semantics, whether it is explicit like in C, or implicit like in C++, we are simply treating the address of the argument as the value that is copied, but when you get into the nitty gritty details of the calling sequence, it is always call by value.As a clarification, because terminology is critical here, what we do in C and C++ is actually call by value or call by address, not call by reference. The distinction is important when you get into managed heap languages like Java and .NET, where the formal parameter is actually a reference handle to some object in the heap, and not actually a value nor an address.