from along time ago people used to die.
The Abbassids built Baghdad, in modern-day Iraq, as their capital. It remained their capital until Hulegu Khan sacked it and destroyed the Abbassid Caliphate.
There are three countries that border modern day Egypt. These countries include Libya, Israel, as well as the country Sudan.
Direct mention to today's European Countries can be found in the mention of various Greek cities, Rome, Spain, and perhaps the Isles. There are varying theories as to the migration of biblical tribes by land and sea to different lands that are now the modern European countries.
Georgia
The river that is completely within the Muslim lands of 661 AD is the Euphrates River. During this period, the Umayyad Caliphate, established after the Rashidun Caliphate, controlled significant territories that included regions around the Euphrates, particularly in present-day Iraq and parts of Syria. This river was vital for agriculture and trade in the Islamic Empire, contributing to its economic and cultural development.
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Alexander was Macedonian. The whole of the Persian Empire. Modern day Turkey, Egypt, all of Mesopotamia and adjacent lands.
They flow though several countries but mainly modern day Iraq.
The modern-day countries that occupy the Fertile Crescent are Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Israel/Palestine.
San Marino and Vatican City are two modern-day countries located in Italy.
The lands of modern day Turkey were apart of the Byzantine Empire for the most part.
Pakistan.