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What is the role of cytotoxic T cells and describe their mechanism of action?
The role of cytotoxic T cells is to alert Class I MHC molecules to a foreign antigen. This is achieved by the foreign antigen associating with the MHC molecule and being moved out to the cell surface, where the cytotoxic T cell alerts the MHC molecule of the infection.
What molecule is connected to the surface of pathogens?
An antigen is a molecule that is located on viruses, bacteria, cancer cells, and other pathogens. An antigen is very specific to each pathogen. A flu antigen is different from a pneumonia antigen, and an HIV antigen is different from a measles antigen. I like to think of an antigen as a lock, understanding that all locks are different and very specific. The key that fits these antigen locks is called an antibody. Antibodiesare found on certain types of white blood cells that our body produces. Antibody-producing white blood cells are called lymphocytes. Lymphocytes travel around our body and attach antibodies to pathogen antigens. Once an antigen has an antibody attached to it, phagocytes attack the pathogen, engulf it, and kill it. Sometimes the antibody disables the pathogen so that it cannot reproduce or release toxins.SourceBYU Course BIOL 049 Lesson 3
How do cells involved in the humoral response respond to antigen presentation on the surface of a B cell?
Helper T cells recognize the receptor-antigen complex and cause plasma and memory cells to be produced to then produce antibodies.
What is the difference between T-cells and killer T-cells?
Cytotoxic T-cells are just a specialized subset of T-cells that express CD8 (a co-stimulatory molecule). In general, there are two types of T-cells, helper T-cells that express CD4 and cytotoxic T-cells that express CD8. As the name implies, cytotoxic T-cells have the role of killing any infected cells.
What is human leukocyte antigen?
a substance that is located on the surface of white blood cells. This substance plays an important role in the body's immune response.
What is the role of cytotoxic T cells and describe their mechanism of action?
The role of cytotoxic T cells is to alert Class I MHC molecules to a foreign antigen. This is achieved by the foreign antigen associating with the MHC molecule and being moved out to the cell surface, where the cytotoxic T cell alerts the MHC molecule of the infection.
What is the medical term for no antigen blood?
Red blood cells with an antigen on their surface are said to be Rh positive, Rh+. Rh negative, or Rh-, do nothave the surface antigen.
What molecule is connected to the surface of pathogens?
An antigen is a molecule that is located on viruses, bacteria, cancer cells, and other pathogens. An antigen is very specific to each pathogen. A flu antigen is different from a pneumonia antigen, and an HIV antigen is different from a measles antigen. I like to think of an antigen as a lock, understanding that all locks are different and very specific. The key that fits these antigen locks is called an antibody. Antibodiesare found on certain types of white blood cells that our body produces. Antibody-producing white blood cells are called lymphocytes. Lymphocytes travel around our body and attach antibodies to pathogen antigens. Once an antigen has an antibody attached to it, phagocytes attack the pathogen, engulf it, and kill it. Sometimes the antibody disables the pathogen so that it cannot reproduce or release toxins.SourceBYU Course BIOL 049 Lesson 3
Why does a macrophage place antigens on its surface?
When a macrophage engulfs a foreign antigen, it phagocytizes it (or breaks it down) using enzymes. The fragments (called epitopes) of the original antigen are transported to the cell surface so that helper T-cells that specifically match the antigen can recognize it. When that happens, the helper-T cells are able to trigger a specific immune response to that exact antigen by stimulating more helper-T cells to be produced and by triggering B-cells to secrete antigen-specific antibodies that mark infected cells for destruction by killer T-cells.
How do cells involved in the humoral response respond to antigen presentation on the surface of a B cell?
Helper T cells recognize the receptor-antigen complex and cause plasma and memory cells to be produced to then produce antibodies.
Antigen presenting cell?
Antigen-presenting cells display foreign antigens on the cell surface with the hopes of T cells noticing recognizing these complexes. The cells that do this on a routine basis are called Professional APC's. This group consists of dendritic cells, macrophages, B-cells, and certain activated epithelial cells.
Antigens cause immature B cells to?
When a B cell detects an antigen, it will engulf it and then display it on its cell surface with an MHC molcule. This antigen/MHC combination is then detected by a T cell - which will send signalling molcules to B cells to multiply and mature into plasma cells (which create antibodies against the antigen) and memory B cells (which 'remember' the antigen for next time).They become plasma cells
How does antigen work?
An antigen is a substance or molecule that, when introduced into the body, triggers the production of an antibody by the immune system, which will then kill or neutralize the antigen that is recognized as a foreign and potentially harmful invader. These invaders can be molecules such as pollen or cells such as bacteria.
Is an antibodie an antigen?
An antibody is a glycoprotein that is produced by plasma cells. It consists of heavy chains and light chains. An antigen is a molecule that interacts with an antibody (or T-Cell). When the antigen interaction induces an immune response it is known as an immunogen.
What is the difference between T-cells and killer T-cells?
Cytotoxic T-cells are just a specialized subset of T-cells that express CD8 (a co-stimulatory molecule). In general, there are two types of T-cells, helper T-cells that express CD4 and cytotoxic T-cells that express CD8. As the name implies, cytotoxic T-cells have the role of killing any infected cells.
In clonal selection of b cells which substance is responsible for determining which cells will eventually become cloned?
there are 100,000 antibodies on the surface of b-cells which are specific for particular type of antigen therefore if specific antibody recognize the particular type antigen then it attach with it and activated.
What is the process by which antibodies bind to the antigen on the surface of cells forming large immune complexes?
B cell coreceptors
