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While nearly all muscles in the body are used in either an active (depressing a key) or passive (keeping you sitting up straight) way, I assume your question to be more focused on the muscles that specifically act on the fingers and wrist. In that case you have:

The Extensors of the Wrist and Fingers

(pull the wrist and fingers away from the keys)

  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
  • Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
  • Extensor Digitorum
  • Extensor Indicis

Flexors of the Wrist and Fingers

(pull the fingers and wrist toward the keys)

  • Flexor Carpi Radialis
  • Palmaris Longus
  • Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
  • Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
  • Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Short Muscles of the Thumb

  • Abductor Pollicis Brevis
  • Flexor Pollicis Brevis
  • Opponins Pollicis
  • adductor pollicis

Lumbricals

Palmar Interossei

Dorsal Interossei

Hypothenar Eminence

  • abductor digiti minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • opponens digiti minimi

That pretty much covers the ones that will be actively used to operate the fingers. There are other muscles that are used, but to a much lesser degree for the action of specifically pressing the keys and orienting the fingers into position to play the individual keys and chords etc.

Sources:

11yrs practical anatomy understanding from Jujitsu

6months of Massage Therapy School

1yr of piano lessons in High School

"Trail Guide to the Body" 4th Edition by Andrew Biel

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Wiki User

11y ago
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AnswerBot

4mo ago

The muscles responsible for playing the piano predominantly involve the fingers, wrists, and forearms. Muscles like the flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, and extensor digitorum help control finger movements and dexterity needed for piano playing. Strengthening these muscles through practice and exercises can improve piano performance.

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