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In India, students went and lived with main teacher. These institutions were known as 'Gurukula' (the house of the teacher). Famous teachers had large number of students, and the institutions were maintained by state or community donations. There were no universities as such.

Study of scriptures (including the Vedas) was the main subject. The following six auxiliary disciplines traditionally associated with the study and understanding of the Vedas were taught.

  1. Shiksha (śikṣā): phonetics and phonology (sandhi)
  2. Kalpa (kalpa): ritual
  3. Vyakarana (vyākaraṇa): grammar
  4. Nirukta (nirukta): etymology
  5. Chandas (chandas): meter
  6. Jyotisha (jyotiṣa): astronomy

Gurukula education also included many other subjects including sculpture, painting, poetry, dance, music, Archery, navigation, Wrestling, fighting with armaments, medicine, etc. directed at an all-round development of the students personality.

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