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St. Gregory VII, also known as Hildebrand, 1073-1085) was an Italian, who succeeded Pope Leo IX and became one of the greatest popes, so much so that the changes in the Church in the eleventh century came to be known as the Gregorian or Hildebrandian Reforms. Pope Gregory VII had problems with Emperor Henry IV, whom he excommunicated and deposed him. Henry went to the Pope in Canossa in Italy where he stood for three days in the snow as a penitent begging absolution, which the Pope granted. Pope Gregory claimed sole authority to summon councils, appoint bishops, canonize saints, and depose emperors, all through the power of the keys. But Henry outsmarted Pope Gregory by asking for pardon - something that Gregory, as a priest of the Church could not refuse, but in absolving him, he deprived his vassals of their grounds for rebellion and restored Henry to a position from which he could threaten the pope. A synod of bishops declared Gregory deposed, and Henry appointed an anti-pope, and Pope Gregory died in exile from Rome with no support even from many of his own cardinals. Nevertheless, he strengthened the Church and the power of the papacy in dealing with princes.

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Q: What part did St. Gregory VII play in the rise of the Catholic Church?
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