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What phrase is used to describe the chromatids after crossing over takes place and the homologous chromosomes separate?
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Loma Schowalter
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What phrase is used to describe the chromatids after the crossing over takes place and the homologous chromosomes separate?
Gghjh
Describe and distinguish between replicated chromosomes and homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes usually occur in pairs in body cells. One chromosome in the pair comes from one parent and the other chromosome comes from the other parent. The two chromosomes are the same size and shape and carry the same genes in the same positions. They are called homologous chromosomes. When cells divide the chromosomes first have to copy themselves (ie replicate). Each homologous chromosome makes a replica of itself, and the original and replica are attached to each other at a region called the centromere.
How are nondisjunction and polyploidy related?
The difference between polyploidy and nondisjunction is that being polyploidy is a result of nondisjuction. When the metaphase II doesn't occur properly the homologous pairs will stay together. Leaving one cell with out that chromosome and with with an extra. Polyploidy has one too many chromosomes.
Describe how the chromosomes pairs are numbered?
It all begins from mitosis. Mitosis is the process of the cell division. Mitosis starts when the chromatin within the cell begins to rearrange into orderly strand called chromosomes. The chromosomes then move into pairs. After that, the chromosome pairs begin to pull apart from each other. Eventually, the chromosome pairs split apart into two new cells with the same makeupas the original cell.
Describe some of the pieces of information that scientists discovered that contributed to the chromosome theory of inheritance?
At around 1900, biologists began to see parallels between the behavior of chromosomes and the behavior of Mendel's "factors" during sexual life cycles. They knew that chromosomes and genes are both present in pairs in diploid cells (Cells with 2n chromosomes, in humans n is 23), homologous chromosomes separate and alleles segregate during meiosis, and fertilization restores the paired condition for both chromosomes and genes. Hence the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance. Source: AP Biology Textbook by Campbell Reece
What phrase is used to describe the chromatids after the crossing over takes place and the homologous chromosomes separate?
Gghjh
What is another word for matching chromosomes?
Homologous is the word used to describe matching chromosomes, with a homolog being a pair of homologous chromosomes.
Describe three events that occur during meiosis 1 but not during mitosis?
1.Synapsis and crossing over in prophase I: Homologous chromosomes physically connect and exchange genetic information 2.At the metaphase plate, there are paired homologous chromosomes (tetrads), instead of individual replicated chromosomes 3.At anaphase I, it is homologous chromosomes, instead of sister chromatids, that separate
How do you describe how DNA copies itself?
DNA replication occurrs through a process called mitosis. The stages of mitosis are (I)PMAT.InterphaseIn the G1 phase, protein synthesis occurrs and mRNA runs along the chromosomes. In the S phase, DNA polymerase runs along the chromosomes/chromatids and creates complementary strands of DNA. In the G2 phase, the 23 chromosomes all have sister chromatids.2. Prophase- Chromosomes condense, spindle fibers form, and the nuclear membrane disintegrates. (23 chromosomes/46 chromatids)3. Metaphase- the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and spindle fibers from the centrioles connect to the chromosomes at the kinetochores. (23 chromosomes/46 chromatids)4. Anaphase- Sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers to each pole of the cell. (23 chromosomes/46 chromatids)5. Telophase- nuclear envolopes form around the chromatids at each pole, the spindle fibers reduce, the chromatids decondense. (46 chromosomes/ 46 chromatids)Then cytokinesis occurrs to split up the cell into two cells.
Describe how chromosomes are evenly divided during mitosis?
Chromosomes are divided when the spindle fibers drag sister chromatids to opposite ends of the cell.
Describe briefly what happens to chromosomes during meiosis?
The chromosomes are first replicated during interphase. In meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes first pair (synapse) with one another. During synapses, pieces of the chromatids can be exchanged between the homologues. The homologous chromosomes are separated by the end of meiosis I. In meiosis II, the chromatids are separated from each other, four haploid daughter cells each with single stranded chromosomes are formed. If it is a male, four sperm are formed. In females, one egg and four polar bodies are formed.
How would you describe the process of meiosis?
Meiosis is a process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
What terms is used to describe pairs of chromosomes having DNA segments or genes for the same traits?
Hobnobs
Describe and distinguish between replicated chromosomes and homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes usually occur in pairs in body cells. One chromosome in the pair comes from one parent and the other chromosome comes from the other parent. The two chromosomes are the same size and shape and carry the same genes in the same positions. They are called homologous chromosomes. When cells divide the chromosomes first have to copy themselves (ie replicate). Each homologous chromosome makes a replica of itself, and the original and replica are attached to each other at a region called the centromere.
Describe the behavior of the chromosomes in the second division of meiosis?
Meosis 1(1st stage) 2 daughter cells are formed with each daughter containing only one chromosome of the homologous pairs thus containing haploid no. of chromosomes each. Meiosis II(2nd stage) is similar to mitosis. DNA does not replicate Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate. Centromeres divide and sister chromatids migrate separately to each pole. Four haploid daughter cells are obtained.
How are nondisjunction and polyploidy related?
The difference between polyploidy and nondisjunction is that being polyploidy is a result of nondisjuction. When the metaphase II doesn't occur properly the homologous pairs will stay together. Leaving one cell with out that chromosome and with with an extra. Polyploidy has one too many chromosomes.
List the phases of meiosis 1 and meiosis 2 and describe the events characteristic of each phase?
Interphase phase is the phase before meiosis begins, genetic material is duplicated. The first division of meiosis is prophase 1 which is duplicated chromatin condenses. Each chromosome consists of two, closely associated sister chromatids. Crossing over can occur during the latter part of this stage. Metaphase 1 is homologous chromosomes align at the equatorial plate. Anaphase 1 homologous pairs separate with sister chromatids remaining together. Telophase 1 two daughter cells are formed with each daughter containing only one chromosome of the homologous pair.
