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referral
authoritative dns server is server that has own databases that has name resolution for the clients that for resolve from name to ip address and for ip address to name. non-authorititative dns server is server that forward request of dns client to authoritative dns server for resolve.
DNS primarily uses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) on port number 53 to serve requests. DNS queries consist of a single UDP request from the client followed by a single UDP reply from the server. When the length of the answer exceeds 512 bytes and both client and server support EDNS, larger UDP packets are used.
One can get more information on a Comcast DNS server from the following sources: What's My DNS, Comcast, DNS Knowledge, ZDNet, DSL Reports, Port Forward, Open DNS, Mac Medics, to name a few.
nslookup
The most common Serial porty is the DB port also know as D-sub or D-subminiature port. USB is not serial port.
A DNS client "resolves" an IP address by sending a specially-formatted request to a DNS server. The client has to know the address of one or more DNS servers in advance. The reply from the server may be a direct reply with the IP address associated with the hostname, a referral to another DNS server, or a response indicating the requested name can't be found in DNS. Typically, the request will ask the server to "recurse", i.e. if it cannot answer the question from it's own local memory, it should go ask other servers on behalf of the client. This behavior helps the local server build up it's own cache of addresses frequently looked up. Another form of query is called iterative query, where a client machine sends request to a known DNS server , if that DNS server fail to resolve the domain name into a IP then the client sends the request to another DNS and this process goes on and on until it get the required IP resolution by sending sending address resolution request to all its known DNS.If every known DNS fail to give the IP, then client goes to the root domain.
When you type the web address in browser, your computer connects to the DNS server in your ISP provider location, The DNS server in ISP tries to locate the IP address of the web page you requested. If it fails, then the request is forward to another DNS server until the IP address is resolved by one of the DNS server. Once IP address is located, browser contacts the web server using the IP and request for the resource.
ipconfig
What is the difference between a preferred DNS server and an altenate DNS server?Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/What_is_the_difference_between_a_preferred_DNS_server_and_an_altenate_DNS_server#ixzz2LRd3ICed
responding
DNS servers translate requests for domain names into IP addresses. When you type www.answers.com into the address bar of your browser, your request will be handled by a DNS server, which translates your request for www.answers.com into a request for (the website located at) the ip address 67.196.156.65. The domain name system was invented, because humans are better at remembering names like "answers.com" than remembering IP addresses like "67.196... etc".