It's comes from the presidential powers.
State constitutions
Their powers are limited to the state in which they preside
Yes, they do - even if they are only tribal or religious courts.
Concurrent powers
Yes, depending on where you are and how that state handles the police powers of tribal officers. If you are on Indian land, the tribal officer has the authority to enforce all laws, including traffic laws. Off of Indian land, some tribal officers retain their police powers and some do not. If a tribal officer attempted to pull you over and you refused to stop, and you were off of Indian land, he would probably request a local non-tribal officer or sheriff's deputy to assist him.
Article III deals with the supreme courts powers.
They have the power to create new federal courts.
Tribal disputes murder and carnage to date
Unless the tribal officer is also recognized as a peace officer by the state where he is making the arrest, no. Generally speaking, tribal police officers have no police powers when they leave the reservation.
The special courts were created by Congress to hear certain cases involving the expressed powers of congress.
Jesse C. Trentadue has written: 'The role of Indian tribal courts in the collection of business debts' -- subject(s): Executions (Law), Indian courts