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What problems did the Roman Empire face during the third century AD?
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∙ 6y ago
The major problem in the Roman Empire in the first decade of this century was the emperor Diocletian's persecution of Christians.
After the end of this persecution a major problem was the bitter theological disputes between the two forms of mainstream Christianity and dissident Christian doctrines, particularly Donatism and Arian Christianity. Greek or Eastern Christianity (the main form of Christianity in the eastern part of the empire) and Latin or Western Christianity (the main form in the west) were united in fighting against dissidents.
Later in history the Latin/western Church came to be called catholic and the Greek/Eastern Church came to be called orthodox.
Mainstream Chritianity received imperial endorsement from Constantine the Great on. Constantine tried unsuccessfully to arbitrate these disputes. In 380 the co-emperors Gratian and Theodosius issued the Edict of Thessalonica which made mainstreams Christianity the only legitimate religion of the empire. The object of the edict was to ban the dissident doctrines which were branded as heretic. Theodosius immediately started to persecute them, particularly the Arians, who were popular around the empire. Theodosius also persecuted pagan religions and imposed very restrictive laws of them which made their practice very difficult. In the west there was a major dispute between Latin Christians and Arian Christians for a while because the latter were supported by the co-emperor Valentinian II.
Another problem was that the empire had become too epxensive to run due to its large army and its large bureaucracy. The state increased taxation to oppressive levels and used oppressive means to collect taxes. This was people's major grievance against the imperial state.
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