continental drift
The shifting of Tectonic Plates.
Hutton
continental drift
Processes such as weathering, erosion, volcanic activity, and tectonic movements can cause slow changes to the Earth's surface over time. These processes gradually shape and reshape the landforms we see today.
A scientist who studies the surface of the Earth is called a geologist. Geologists analyze the composition, structure, and processes that shape the Earth's surface, such as mountains, valleys, and plains. They also study natural phenomena like earthquakes and volcanoes.
Changes on the Earth's surface, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain formations, are usually connected to processes happening below the Earth's surface. These changes are often driven by tectonic plate movements, magma movements in the Earth's mantle, and crustal deformation. Volcanoes, for example, are connected to the movement of magma from deeper within the Earth to the surface.
The break in the earth's surface is called a fault line.
A scientist who studies Earth's land forms is called a geomorphologist. They investigate the processes that shape the Earth's surface and the features that result from these processes, such as mountains, valleys, and coastlines.
Stream like movements of water that occur near the surface of the ocean are called surface currents. Stream like movements of ocean water far below the surface are known as a deep current.
Some processes that help shape the Earth's surface in Precambrian shields include tectonic activity, such as mountain building and plate movements, erosion from wind and water, and volcanic activity. These shields have experienced billions of years of geologic processes, leading to the formation of various landforms like mountains, valleys, and plains.
Scientist know this by the color difference on the planets surface.
Valleys on the surface of a planet or moon suggest the presence of erosional processes, possibly caused by the flow of water, glaciers, or wind. These landforms can provide clues about the planet's geological history and past environmental conditions.