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The Cell Wall.

Mainly the lipid content of the Cell Wall is responsible for that.

According to the content [quantity and composition] of lipids in the cell wall, we can divide the bacterial world into two:

1) More than 90% lipid on the surface of the cell wall (Gram -ve), and

2)less than 10% lipid on the exterior of the cell wall (Gram +ve).

Now lets talk about gram staining. You must be knowing the alcohol treatment step in gram staining. The alcohol dissolves the lipids.

so the effect of this on:

Gram -ve:- The 90 % of cell wall get dissolved.bcoz of which it looses the previously added stains.and it retain the only stain(pink colour) which is added after alcohol treatment.

Gram +ve:-only 10% cell wall get dissolve,so it looses only 10% of stain.So the bacteria still reatain more than 90% of stain (purple color) added before the alcohol treatment.

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Q: What properties of bacteria cells dictate if they will stain gram positive or gram negative?
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