it's half-life should be similar to the age of the fossil. APEX
Radioactive isotopes decay at a known rate, and have a predictable half life; the time it will take for half of a given quantity of radioactive isotope to decay into a stable state. Using these known numbers, it is possible to estimate the relative age of an object. Different radioactive isotopes are useful for measuring different time scales, but not all are present in any given object (ie- different minerals or rocks). This method is not without issue, and estimates that are grossly inaccurate can occur, either by an error in execution of the methods, or because of incorrect assumptions of the original condition/quantity of component materials. It is also possible that rates of radioactive decay may not always be constant; the scale of time in which scientists have been able to consistently measure these rates has not been sufficient to confirm or deny this prediction.
The half life of radioactive isotopes can be used to determine the age of minerals within rocks. If an igneous rock, this will mark the time when the magma or lava cooled enough for the mineral to crystallise. It cannot be used to date sedimentary rocks, because the minerals within them will actually be older than the sedimentary rock itself.
The radioactive isotopes decay into other elements at known rates. So if we can determine what the original proportion of radioactive to non-radioactive isotopes was, we can measure the current proportion and figure out how old the sample is.
For example, the element carbon is a basic building block of all living things (on Earth, at least). The normal isotope is carbon-12, but cosmic rays interact with nitrogen in the atmosphere to form carbon-14. So the "natural" proportion of carbon 12 to carbon 14 is pretty much known.
Living things eat and incorporate the carbon atoms into their structures. When they die, they STOP eating and incorporating carbon atoms, and the carbon-14 atoms decaying without being replaced causes the carbon-14 level to fall (very slightly!) while the carbon-12 remains constant. So by measuring the proportion now, we can calculate - at least roughly - how long it has been since this sample was alive.
Carbon-dating is only accurate out to about 60,000 years; beyond that, too little of the carbon-14 remains to be accurately measured. However, there are other elements that provide a longer time scale, but not as accurately.
One problem would be that we assume that cosmic rays are producing carbon-14 at a steady rate, and for a short time period, we know that wasn't true. During the late 1940s and through the early 1960's, both the US and the Soviet Union conducted tests of nuclear weapons in the open atmosphere, which produced large spikes in the amount of carbon-14 in the atmosphere. If there had been similar spikes within the last 100,000 years or so (such as the explosion of a supernova star within about 300 light years or so) we would be unable to accurately account for the extra carbon 14 created in that event.
Isotopic dating relies on the amount and rate of decay of the isotope present in rock. Fossils are generally not dated directly by isotopic dating, however. Igneous intrusions found cutting through, or above or below the strata containing the fossil is used to narrow down its age.
By determining the age of igneous intrusions that cut through or are on top of or below a sedimentary layer containing fossils, a substantiated age range can be determined for the age of the fossils.
The property of radioactive decay and the use of the essentially constant half life of isotopes enable scientists to use nuclear physics for dating techniques.
Their half life and the proportions of their decay products.
its half life should be similar to the age of the fossil
This is the specific half-life and decay products.
Radiotracers have the same chemical properties to the stable isotopes of an element.
The most common instrument used to measure isotopes is a mass spectrometer. Mass spectrometry allows scientists to accurately determine the mass and abundance of isotopes in a sample. It works by ionizing the atoms in the sample and separating them based on their mass-to-charge ratio.
the property is diffusion
The property of gases that allows them to be pressured into solution is the property of compressibility. When the compounds are compressed they are brought closer together and the higher the pressure the closer they become.
Positives repel each other. In an atom, the nucleas is full repelling protons with their positive charge. It is the nuclear force that holds them together in the nucleus. A Helium atom has only 2 protons which makes it more stable.Uranium on the other hand, has 92 protons all squashed together. This makes it very unstable which allows it to undergo gamma radiation.That is why Uranium is radioactive.Unstable atoms as uranium are radioactive; the stability depends on the ratio between protons and neutrons.
Isotopic dating relies on the amount and rate of decay of the isotope present in rock. Fossils are generally not dated directly by isotopic dating, however. Igneous intrusions found cutting through, or above or below the strata containing the fossil is used to narrow down its age.
Radiotracers have the same chemical properties to the stable isotopes of an element.
Often times doctors will inject radioactive dye into the blood and then scan for the radiation. It allows doctors to detect where the bloodstream is taking the isotope, which in turn allows them to search for issues in circulation. Think of it as equivalent to dropping a GPS beacon into a river to detect where the water is ending up.
Often times doctors will inject radioactive dye into the blood and then scan for the radiation. It allows doctors to detect where the bloodstream is taking the isotope, which in turn allows them to search for issues in circulation. Think of it as equivalent to dropping a GPS beacon into a river to detect where the water is ending up.
Often times doctors will inject radioactive dye into the blood and then scan for the radiation. It allows doctors to detect where the bloodstream is taking the isotope, which in turn allows them to search for issues in circulation. Think of it as equivalent to dropping a GPS beacon into a river to detect where the water is ending up.
The most common instrument used to measure isotopes is a mass spectrometer. Mass spectrometry allows scientists to accurately determine the mass and abundance of isotopes in a sample. It works by ionizing the atoms in the sample and separating them based on their mass-to-charge ratio.
The commutative property of addition and the commutative property of multiplication.
Radioacive isotopes of different types are used in medicine in various types of body scans and tomography. Examples are the use of technetium in bone scans, and positron emission tomography (P.E.T. scans). These techniques use radioactive isotopes to scan or produce images of internal organs or processes. Analysis of the concentrations of natural radioactive isotopes allow us to date fossils and other ancient artifacts. Low yield and high yield fissionable material allows us to harness enormous amounts of energy for conversion to electrical energy in power plants. Similar power plants produce steam to drive aircraft carriers and submarines.
It allows for the relative abundances of different isotopes.
It allows for the relative abundances of different isotopes.
allows a creditor to reach property of a debtor that is in a third party's hands
magnetic property