none of protocols include a physical layer specification
physical layer.
TCP/IP protocols are implemented by software, except for the bottom physical layer, which is implemented in hardware.
In the physical layer, two commonly used protocols are Ethernet and Wi-Fi. Ethernet is primarily used for wired connections and defines standards for physical media and signaling, while Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) is used for wireless communication, specifying how data is transmitted over radio waves. Both protocols determine how devices communicate over a network at the most fundamental level.
Protocols that do not operate at the network layer include those in the transport layer, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which are responsible for end-to-end communication and data flow control. Additionally, application layer protocols like Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) operate above the network layer to facilitate specific application services. Furthermore, protocols in the data link layer, such as Ethernet and Wi-Fi, manage local network communication and frame delivery.
Identify the networktranspor layer protocols used for windows file sharing when the protocols are installed alone.
The functions of the physical layer of the OSI model include data encoding, and transmission of the unstructured raw bit stream. It also includes description of the optical, mechanical, and electrical interfaces to the physical medium.
Physical
true or false.all transport layer protocols are concerned with reliability
identifies the network layer protocol makes the connection with the upper layers insulates network layer protocols from changes in physical equipment
insulates network layer protocols from changes in physical equipment makes the connection with the upper layers identifies the source and destination identifies the network layer protocol
Rip and BGP is in Application layer Ospf is in Transport Layer
Layer 5 - Session layer