What role did Indians mestizos and Creoles play Mexico's independence from Spain?

Answer 1

Most wars of independence were instigated by the criolloor creole people, who were descendants of Europeans, born in the New World. Due to the Bourbon Reforms, which changed the tax collection mechanism among Spanish colonies in the Americas, more power was given to the peninsulares, or people born in Spain. This enraged the creole people to the point of beginning to conspire against the mother country. With the invasion of both Spain and Portugal by Napoleon's army during the Peninsular Wars (1807-1814), most creoles found the opportunity to secede; this is the reason most Latin American countries split from Spain and Portugal during those years.

As for the indigenous population, most of them were at the lower end of the social hierarchy, barely knowing what was going on. At the time, the mestizo population (mix of Native Americans and Europeans) was very small, so it was basically nonexistent. In the case of Mexico, all its founding fathers were creoles, who used religious symbols to stir the indigenous populations and help them fight their Spanish masters.

Therefore, most revolts for independence in the New World were led by creole people, but were fought by the indigenous people.