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The two different types of strings you are most likely referring to are roundwound strings and flatwound strings. Some nice pictures: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strings_(music)
It is down to personal preference as to which strings are best for an archtop guitar. Chromes and flatwound strings are both popular. Light gauge strings are preferable as they put less pressure on the neck.
Jaco used Rotosound round-gauge strings gauged 46-63-80-102, but it would be easier to get them in 45-105 gauge.
Yes, if the gauges are similarly matched to a set of standard guitar strings made for that particular guitar. Violin strings are flatwound, so the tone would be more muted, nice for an archtop jazz guitar. Normal modern guitar strings are roundwound, making the tone brighter and more zingy.
1.000.000$ easy
George had one of the first 12 string electric guitars which he used on Help!
horse hair, and wood.
Originally, the mandolin had 6 strings. Later designs included 8 strings (4 pairs) and the strings were plucked with a plucktrum. Other designs have multiples of 4 strings, up to a maximum of 16 strings.
Violin strings can be made out of a variety of material. Metal strings are very common such as aluminium or steal. Nylon strings are also avalible. Originally, when violins where first invented, the strings where made out of a thread of cats gutt wound very tightly but it is very hard to get cats gutts strings now.
probably a thick piece of yarn or bamboo wire
By plucking the strings or (more originally) playing it with a bow. It's a simple question, really.
Violin is originated from Italy. During medieval times, violinâ??s neck is shorter, broader with a minimum of angle. For the fingerboard it was a lot like shorter, strings are made up of plain gut strings and the bridge was low.