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what substance was needed to join the insulin gene to the bacterial DNA?
Wiki User
∙ 11y ago
Technically it is not a substance, but the DNA itself. Let me explain. When the insulin gene is cut out of a regular strand, it is done through a DNA ligase (a cutting enzyme). The SAME ligase is used to cut the bacterial loop of DNA. When ligase cuts DNA sticky ends are left. These sticky ends are, as they say, sticky, and will readily join to new bases with the corresponding (complementary) base pair sequence. As the same ligase is used, the corresponding base sequence is inside the bacterial DNA, so they should connect together.
Wiki User
∙ 15y ago
Wiki User
∙ 11y agoRestriction enzymes are needed to join the insulin gene to the bacterial DNA.
Restriction enzymes naturally found in bacteria are used to cut DNA fragments at specific sequences. Another enzyme called DNA ligase
can attach and rejoin DNA fragments at complementary ends.
Wiki User
∙ 10y agoa specific enzyme
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How recombinant DNA has mass produced insulin?
By rDNA technology, the gene of interest can be transformed in to a lab organism,say bacteria; and by expressing that gene, large production of insulin or any other factor is possible. This can be tested for its activity after purification of the protein from the crude bacterial lysate.
What is One difference between the gene that codes for insulin and the gene that codes for testosterone in humans?
The gene of insulin has a different sequence of molecular bases than the gene of testosterone.
A certain mutant bacterial cell cannot produce substance x. the mutation was most likely the result of a change in the?
gene that codes for a specific protein
Suggest why bacteria are chosen to make human insulin?
The insulin gene will be extracted from cells from an animal such as a pig, and placed into the loop of DNA in a microorganism. When the microorganism reproduces, the DNA gene will reproduce with it, and this is repeated again and again and the micro-organsms will produce insulin. Whe a sufficient amount of microorganisms have been grown, the insulin will be extracted and used in medicine
Which drug is manufactured as a result of indirect gene therapy?
Human insulin
How can a large volume of protein e.g. insulin be produced from a single bacterium?
The gene for insulin can be inserted into the bacterial chromosome. The bacteria is then left to multiply normally, which thus produces many copies of the gene and lots of insulin. This is how they produce the insulin used by people who have diabetes.
How is bacteria used to make insulin?
Human plasmids introduced into the bacteria stimulate insulin production. A special enzyme is used to cut out the insulin gene from a human cell. It is attached to a bacterial chromosome which is also split open by an enzyme. The gene is then transferred into a bacterial cell. The gene makes the bacterial cell produce insulin.
How does a human insulin genes become part of a plasmid?
1. Scientists remove plasmids, small rings of DNA, from bacterial cells. 2. An enzyme cuts open the plasmid DNA. The same enzyme removes the human insulin gene from its chromosome. 3. The human insulin gene attaches the open ends of the plasmid to form a closed ring. 4. Some bacterial cells take up the plasmids that have the insulin gene. 5. When cells reproduce, the news cells will contain copies of the engineered plasmid. The foreign gene directs the cell to produce human insulin.
A certain mutant bacterial cell cannot produce substance X?
gene that codes for a specific protein
How recombinant DNA has mass produced insulin?
By rDNA technology, the gene of interest can be transformed in to a lab organism,say bacteria; and by expressing that gene, large production of insulin or any other factor is possible. This can be tested for its activity after purification of the protein from the crude bacterial lysate.
Which molecule from humans is inserted into bacteria to cause them to produce insulin?
No. When genes from humans are inserted into bacteria, the bacteria acts as factories that produce chemicals of importance to humans, such as insulin.
What does the bacterial cell reproduce that the human gene codes for?
the bacterial cell reproduces the bacterial chromosome that the human gene codes for.
What is One difference between the gene that codes for insulin and the gene that codes for testosterone in humans?
The gene of insulin has a different sequence of molecular bases than the gene of testosterone.
When pharmaceutical companies use recombinant bacteria to make insulin what do they insert the insulin gene into?
The human insulin gene, which is located on the top of the short arm of chromosome 11 in human DNA, is cut from the DNA strand using restriction enzymes (genetics scissors). A plasmid (floating circular disks of DNA in bacteria) is extracted from a bacteria and cut open with another restriction enzyme, and the gene for human insulin is taken up by the plasmid. Another enzyme, ligase, is used to permanently seal the exposed nucleotides (ends of the DNA strands) together (like genetic glue). the plasmid is then put back into the bacterial cell, and the bacteria will then manufacture insulin. its offspring will also have the genetic data for human insulin.
Do skin cells copy and translate an insulin gene into insulin protein?
Insulin is not produced by skin cells.
A certain mutant bacterial cell cannot produce substance x. the mutation was most likely the result of a change in the?
gene that codes for a specific protein
Why dont skin cells make insulin?
because the gene to make insulin isn't expressed
