Any and all. They only thing that a police officer has to do is to show "Due Care". As long as they are not involved in a motor vehicle crash or cause one, then they are showing due care. (Due Care = showing due care for the safety of the general public)
No, usually not. Ordinarily, Traffic Officers are not Police Officers-- although they can be in some jurisdictions. In most jurisdictions, some people who are Traffic Officers choose to advance themselves by becoming Police Officers, but this is not a necessary pursuit. The majority of Traffic Officers probably remain with that force for many years.
Police officers giving traffic signals.
Yes.
Yes. a officer can issue a citation in any location.
When they write you a ticket, but you are not arrested. Examples of this are most traffic violations, i.e. a speeding ticket. More serious crimes will be an arrest, not a citation.
Under routine conditions, police officers EVERYWHERE, must drive in accordance with traffic regulations. There are exceptions for officers when they are operating in emergency conditions but they must always drive with due caution to the general public.
When there is a moving violation, it is usually the police officers discretion whether to issue a citation.
I don't know what that is. If I had to guess, I would say that it is a small machine used by the police to issue any kind of citation when performing a traffic stop. I'm guessing they punch in the information of the individual who is being cited and it prints out the citation.
Enumerate? Too many to list.An example of police discretion would be to give a notice of warning for a traffic violation vs. issue a citation.
It depends on where you are and exactly what you mean. In the U.S. within any given department there are patrol officers, traffic officers, adminstrative officers, Tac team or SWAT officers, supervisors, detectives, etc. Then there are city officers, county officers, state troopers, DEA, FBI, CIA, post office police, school police (some schools use fully commissioned police officers), special ops (tact team, SWAT team, etc).
Yes they are police officers.
If an officer uses traffic radar or LIDAR (laser) to measure speed for enforcement purposes, he usually has to be prepared to testify in court to the type of device used, its serial number, and the date of its last calibration. This information isn't necessarily recorded on the violator's copy of the citation. Officers usually make notes on each citation issued. The notes may be in the officer's personal notebook, or on a copy of the citation sent to the court.