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If you consider the equation, E=mc2, you can see that an amount of mass can be considered as equal to an amount of energy. In other words, we could take all the mass in a nuclear reaction and figure out how much energy that represents. If you add that to the amount of energy present at the same time, you get a summation of energy (some of which is mass represented as energy). That amount of energy does not change in a nuclear reaction.
the number of protons and neutrons
helium-4
During nuclear decay, radioisotopes of one element can change into one or more isotopes of a different element altogether.
A gas released during a chemical reaction is a chemical change.
If you consider the equation, E=mc2, you can see that an amount of mass can be considered as equal to an amount of energy. In other words, we could take all the mass in a nuclear reaction and figure out how much energy that represents. If you add that to the amount of energy present at the same time, you get a summation of energy (some of which is mass represented as energy). That amount of energy does not change in a nuclear reaction.
the number of protons and neutrons
atoms
In the nuclear fusion process in the sun, two protons change into a proton and a neutron, plus also a positron and a neutrino. This is part of the synthesis of helium and release of energy which powers the sun. You can see the complete chain of reaction at the link below
Yes. Very much. That is how we get useful heat to make steam, to turn turbines, to make electricity.
In a chain reaction, neutrons released during the splitting of an initial nucleus trigger a series of nuclear fissions.
what colour change occurs during the calcium and hydrochloric acid reaction
A catalyst undergoes no chemical change during a chemical reaction.
subatonic particles
hydrogen
"Substance" is too fuzzy a word. Chemical reactions can change materials into other compounds, for example shiny iron into rust (Fe2O3). But it cannot change an element into another element. A nuclear reaction can do that, for example uranium into plutonium.
A catalyst doesn't undergo a chemical change during a chemical reaction.