Four religions have their foundations in the Hebrew Torah:
The three main religions that share the Torah are Christianity, Islam, and Judaism.
Greek became the only language besides Hebrew in which the Torah may be read (Talmud, Megillah 9a); and the Torah became accessible for the first time to non-Jews.
Judaism and Islam are based on the same foundations and ancient texts, funny huh?
Belief in the One God, and keeping the laws of the Torah. See also:Beliefs of Judaism
Scattered throughout the Torah are many hundreds of ethical teachings; but two examples are Leviticus ch19, and all of Pirkei Avot (one book of the Oral Torah) which is found in many Jewish prayerbooks. Answer: The Written Torah, The Oral Torah (Talmud); Tanakh (The Hebrew Bible) the covenant; 613 mitzvot.
1) The Jewish religion: its beliefs and laws; the Torah and Oral Torah. 2) The Jewish people and their history, culture and shared experiences.See also:The Torah and Hebrew BibleThe Oral TorahReligious and less-religious Jews
Judaism is one religion, not two. Some Jews are more observant and some are less observant, but it's one religion with One God and one Torah.
This question has two possible answers. The reason is that the first five Hebrew books of the Bible are not refered to as the "gospel." Only the part of the Bible that gives the accounts of the minstry of Jesus is called the gospels. The first five books of the Bible was called the Pentateuch. That refers to the first five books of the "Old Testiment," or "Hebrew Scriptures" that were written by Moses in the Hebrew language. The part of the Bible that is normally referred to as the gospels, that is, the minstry of Jesus, are the first four books of the "New Testiment," or "Greek Scriptures." This is the books of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.
The Hebrews were enslaved by the Pharaoh. For clarification, Hebrew is the term for Jews and Christians before they separated into two religions.
The Torah (or Thora as you have written), are the First Five Books of the Old Testament also known as the Books of Moses/Laws of Moses, and comprises of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deutoronomy. A more accurate translation for "Torah" as "Laws" would be the "Instructions". These books were written in Paleo Hebrew which is an ancient Hebraic language from which modern day Hebrew stems. (Aramaic and Arabic also comes from these roots). "The modern day" Torah is written in "Ivrit" (the Hebrew word for the language of modern Hebrew. ) Together with the Torah comes the Tanach which are the Prophets and these two sets of writings is what Yeshua Ha Mashiach (aka Jesus Christ) quoted from in His teachings while on earth.
The relationship is that several English translations of the Torah have translated the two different Hebrew words into the same English word. They have no other connection.
The two religions are the two predominant religions today: Catholicism and Protestantism.