According to the pics I find, it should have a coaster brake (pedal-backwards) rear hub/wheel.
Nothing else.
It's probably possible to fit a long-reach caliper brake to the front.
THe brakes rarely need to stop. But the brakes can be used to make the bike stop.
Depends on where you intend to ride. But If you are going to ride in traffic I'd recommend two.
You buy bicycle brake cables, either from a bicycle store, or from an internet source. If you need to be told this you probably need to be told how to install them as well, so go look at www.bicycletutor.com, www.parktool.com or www.sheldonbrown.com
In daylight, nothing more than working brakes. After sunset, also reflectors and working lights.
Too complex to answer here. Have a look at www.parktool.com, www.sheldonbrown.com or www.biketutor.com and read more.
The first motorcyles were literally bicycles with a motor strapped to them. The brakes were bicycle brakes. The early true motorcycles had drum brakes in the hubs that were developed from the motor car industry; as were disc brakes. My guess for you to answer this question all you need to do is figure who build the first motorcycle... I would like believe that they had someway to stop the first bikes rather then just putting their shoes on the ground.
Brakes are expensive if you need all new brakes. Expect to pay in the hundreds. Depending on your car and how many brakes need servicing.
No.
To replace brakes effectively, you need to know what type of brakes you have. In general, you will need a jack, new brakes, a wrench and Allen wrenches.
yes, i need new brakes
ABS brakes are not spongy. If you have spongy brakes the reason is that there is air in the system. You need to have your brakes bled.
brakes need replaced