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the leading or lagging between the stress and strain is called hysteresis loop
it is agm or vsm
hysteresis loss = N1/N2 R2/R1 C1/A1 (area of the loop)(vertical sensitivity) (horizontal sensitiivity
When a hysteresis loop is plotted on a graph ( X: Current, Y: Magnetic Field Strength ) for the core of any substance, the area covered by the loop (on both sides of the x-axis) will give the total energy involved or work done in one cycle of magnetisation and demagnetisation.
this area represent the energy lost per cycle in ferromagnetic material during the magnetization process by hysteresis and in some cases also by eddy current magnetic losses and electric losses
The material used in the manufacture of transformer cores must have a hysteresis loop with a very small area, as it is the area of the hysteresis loop that determines the hysteresis losses of the core material. The core material should also be resistive, in order to reduce eddy current losses (which is further improved by laminating the core). Many transformer manufacturers use their own variations on what is basically a silicon-steel.A hysteresis curve, or loop, is a graph of flux density plotted against magnetising force, and basically describes the ease (or difficulty) with which the core material can be magnetised and demagnetised as the magnetising current changes magnitude and direction.
In hysteresis materials it represents the energy dissipated in them during the cycle of magnetization & demagnetization (just refer any hysteresis loop diagram) . This is used in many applications especially in aerospace to damp the oscillations in satellite.
soft iron B-H curve area is very high and hysteresis loss is proportional to it frequency or no of loop cycles per sec and area of loop so hysteresis loss increases in soft iron as electro magnet
In hysteresis materials it represents the energy dissipated in them during the cycle of magnetization & demagnetization (just refer any hysteresis loop diagram) . This is used in many applications especially in aerospace to damp the oscillations in satellite.
Hysteresis losses are a function of the magnetic characteristics of the magnetic circuit, so there is very little you can do to minimise hysteresis losses other than to reduce the primary voltage to a transformer if that is at all practicable. These losses are really in the hands of the manufacturers who design and manufacture magnetic circuits.
If the magnetic field applied to a magnetic material is increased and then decreased back to its original value, the magnetic field inside the material does not return to its original value. The internal field 'lags' behind the external field. This behaviour results in a loss of energy, called the hysteresis loss, when a sample is repeatedly magnetized and demagnetized. The materials used in transformer cores and electromagnets are chosen to have a low hysteresis loss. Similar behaviour is seen in some materials when varying electric fields are applied (electric hysteresis). Elastic hysteresis occurs when a varying force repeatedly deforms an elastic material. The deformation produced does not completely disappear when the force is removed, and this results in energy loss on repeated deformations.
A hysteresis loop is when the threshold to make a change in a system is different than the threshold to undo the change. Typically, in an op amp used as a switch, this is done with a small positive feedback, reducing the chance of oscillation when the input is near one of the two thresholds.