What type of government does Lebanon haves?

Answer 1

Lebanon has a Confessional Democracy (Republic), the only one in the world, where positions of power are not based on merit but on Religious Denomination.

Thus the President must be a Maronite (Catholic Christian)

The Prime Minister must be a Sunni Muslim

The Speaker of the House must be a Shia Muslim etcetc

Answer 2

Lebanon has a Confessional Democracy (Republic), the only one in the world, where positions of power are not based on merit but on Religious Denomination.

Thus the President must be a Maronite (Catholic Christian)

The Prime Minister must be a Sunni Muslim

The Speaker of the House must be a Shia Muslim etcetc

Answer 3

Lebanon is a CONFESSIONALIST REPUBLIC.

Confessionalism is a political system where individuals in a society have different political rights because of which religious community they ascribe to. Unlike the West, in the Middle East, you inherit a religious community regardless of whether you believe or not; it is almost the equivalent of an ethnicity. In Lebanon, the President must be a Maronite Christian, the Prime Minister must be a Sunni Muslim, and the Speaker of the Parliament must be a Shiite Muslim. The Parliament itself must also be divided 50-50 between all Muslim groups (Sunnis, Shiites, Alawites, etc.) and all Christian groups (Maronites, Eastern Orthodox, Melkites, etc.). The roles in government are allocated by religious affiliation.

Lebanon is a republic because its Parliament and Presidency are open to elections, bearing in mind all of the Confessionalist requirements about who can run for which positions and who can vote for each position, based on religious community.