sp3 or 4 sigma bonds
There are sp3 orbitals.Carbon atom is sp3 hybridized
sp3 or 4 sigma bonds
Simply it is SP3 Hypridization three P orbitals + one S orbital formed the 4 sp3 orbitals and it is logic experimentally u can see that Methane Molecule is tetrahedral so it has 4 corners which means 4 bonds
s orbitals are spherical, so there cannot be any angle 'between' an s orbital and a p orbital. However, each lobe of a p orbital is perpendicular (90 degrees in all directions) to the surface of an s orbital.
Sp3
it is sp3d orbital with about 20% s character
PF5 :SP3d
In a tetrahedral molecule eg methane (CH4), hybridisation occurs between the 2s orbital and three p orbitals to form four sp3 hybrid orbitals. See: http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/chembond/cb06.html and: http://www.mikeblaber.org/oldwine/chm1045/notes/Geometry/Hybrid/Geom05.htm
By the two of them having opposite spin quantum numbers.
Simply it is SP3 Hypridization three P orbitals + one S orbital formed the 4 sp3 orbitals and it is logic experimentally u can see that Methane Molecule is tetrahedral so it has 4 corners which means 4 bonds
s orbitals are spherical, so there cannot be any angle 'between' an s orbital and a p orbital. However, each lobe of a p orbital is perpendicular (90 degrees in all directions) to the surface of an s orbital.
Sp3
sp3d2
it is sp3d orbital with about 20% s character
Hybridization in brief can be said as inter mixing of orbitals. But you may have questions such as why? where ? when it happens and what exactly it is? Its very simple for example as in your question consider methane. The carbon atom has 2 electrons in 1s orbital and; 2 electrons in 2s orbital and; 1 electron in 2px orbital and; 1 electron in 2py orbital.In methane before carbon atom undergo bonding with hydrogen it undergoes hybridization ,that is 2s orbitals and 2p orbitals combines or hybridizes and for methane it is sp3 hybridization that means an s orbital had combined with 3 of the 2p orbitals (2px,2py,2pz). It has an tetrahedral arrangement (like four corners of a triangular pyramid) of four lobes of angles approx 109.5 degrees(The angle between H-C-H). After hybridization you cannot differentiate s orbital and p orbital.And in that sp3 hybrid each lobe has one electron and all the lobes bond with hydrogen atoms containing single electron.Note that all the lobes must be treated as an orbital such that they can maximum hold only of two electrons.Thus methane is formed as an result of head on collision of sp3 hybrids and hydrogen atoms.
PF5 :SP3d
2
sp hybridized orbial
there r 2 electrons in the s orbital, their r 6 electrons in p orbital , their r 10 electron's in the d orbital and 14 electrons in f orbital.