If the North didn't want to talk at the peace table, bombing missions over the North Vietnam were stepped up. If the North conducted large offensive operations in South Vietnam, more bombing. If the North hinted they might want to talk, the bombing might be suspended for awhile.
Philipp Pott has written: 'Entscheidungsrevision' -- subject(s): Decision making 'Commitment, decision revision and loss escalation'
past experiences, belief in personal relevance, verity of cognitive biases, escalation in commitment and sunk outcomes.:)
Escalation of commitment occurs when individuals or groups continue to invest in a decision despite evidence that it may be failing. This phenomenon can negatively impact decision-making by leading to irrational choices, where individuals prioritize sunk costs over potential future benefits. It often results in a reluctance to pivot or abandon a failing strategy, ultimately hindering effective problem-solving and resource allocation. Recognizing and mitigating this bias is crucial for making sound, objective decisions.
Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara served under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson from 1961 to 1968. He played a significant role in shaping U.S. military policy during the Vietnam War, advocating for the use of technology and data-driven decision-making. McNamara was instrumental in the escalation of U.S. involvement in Vietnam but later expressed regret about the war's conduct and the decisions made during that time. After leaving office, he became an outspoken critic of the war and its strategies.
After Ho's death in '69, North Vietnam was run by a committee. A: Le Duan was the leader of North Vietnam after Ho Chi Minh, although they appeared to be collective in their decision making.
Hierarchical decision-making offers clear lines of authority, allowing for efficient communication and streamlined decision processes. It ensures accountability, as decisions can be traced back to specific leaders or departments. Additionally, this structure can facilitate consistency in decision-making across the organization, as guidelines and policies are typically established at higher levels. Finally, it can enable quicker resolutions to issues by providing a clear path for escalation and resolution.
Jimmy Carter was of no importance during the Vietnam War. He held no federal office or influenced any decision making process. I became president after the war was over. He gave amnesty to deserters and draft dodgers residing in Canada. This was his only connection to the war.
The Pentagon Papers were created to provide a comprehensive study of the United States' political and military involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967. Commissioned by then-Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, the report aimed to analyze the decision-making processes and policies that led to the escalation of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Ultimately, the leaked documents revealed discrepancies between the government's public statements and internal assessments, highlighting the mismanagement and deception surrounding the war effort.
Police need decision-making skills to effectively assess situations quickly and accurately, often under high-pressure circumstances. These skills enable officers to determine the best course of action, balancing public safety with individual rights. Sound decision-making contributes to effective problem-solving, conflict resolution, and maintaining community trust, ultimately enhancing overall law enforcement effectiveness. Additionally, good decision-making can prevent escalation and reduce the likelihood of incidents turning violent.
The nationwide moratorium demonstration in October 1969, which saw millions protesting against the Vietnam War, significantly influenced President Nixon's decision-making. It convinced him not to expand the war into neighboring countries like Laos and Cambodia, as public opposition and the scale of the protests highlighted the unpopularity of such actions. The demonstration underscored the growing anti-war sentiment in the U.S., prompting Nixon to consider a strategy for de-escalation and eventual withdrawal from Vietnam.
Developing alternatives
Developing alternatives