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On the political front Sulla and Marius were the first men who engaged in a civil war, setting a precedent for the ones which were to follow. Sulla was the first man who entered the city of Rome with an army, which was a major religious transgression (in Roman religion you were not allowed to carry weapons inside the city walls). Sulla was also the first man who persecuted and executed thousands of political opponents. Having experienced this in his youth was probably what led to Julius Caesar's famous leniency towards his opponents.

The main constitutional legacy of Sulla was probably the codification, and thus institutionalisation, of the cursus homorum. The cursus honorum set up the steps of career progression in public office for aspiring politicians. Holding office was what a political career was about as the Romans did not elect representatives and they voted on bills themselves. Instead they elected the officers of their executive. Sulla also established minimum ages for holding each office.

For the most junior civilian office (the quaestors, treasurers) the required age was 30. Prior to this you had to serve ten years of military duty either in the cavalry or as military tribunes. These officers were young men seconded to the staff of the commander to learn from the commander. Eight of these officers were appointed by the senate and 16 were elected by the Assembly of the tribes. Standing for this election would be the first political action of a young man.

At the age of 36 you could stand for being elected to the next highest office which was that of the aediles. To become a praetor (a chef justice and military commander) you had to be 36 and to become a consul (head of the Republic and military commander) you had to be 42. To be a censor (who held the census, enrolled people into the tribes and enrolled the senators and was in charge of public work projects) you had to be an ex-consul because this post easily lent itself to corruption.

The other constitutional legacy was ending the role of as a court of appeal of the Assembly of the Solders (for capital punishment cases) and the Assembly of the Tribes (for other court). This role was transferred to a special jury court, the quaestiones perpetuae.

Sulla's reforms which were designed to disempower the plebeian tribunes and his reform of the Assembly of the Soldiers into more of an elitist body were later repealed.

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Q: What was Sullas most important legacy for Rome?
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