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Earth
The meaning of flaw in this context is a defect in the theoretic model.
A model is never technically disproven or proven. The ptolemaic model is no longer accepted because it does not adequately explain observations. The heliocentric model was accepted gradually because it was a better explanation for observed phenomena. However, people continued to believe the ptolemaic model long after it was irrational to do so.
Mercury and Venus
The Sun-centered or heliocentric model of the solar system is called the Copernican model (after Copernicus) and more closely matches the modern astronomical notions. By contrast, the geocentric or Earth-centric model is often called the Ptolemaic.
It made significantly better predictions of planetary positions in our sky.
It offered more natural explanation for the apparent retrograde motion of planets in our sky.
The stars in the Ptolemaic model of the universe move on or are attached to a celestial sphere.
Earth
The Ptolemaic model is also known as the geocentric model, where the Earth is at the center of the solar system. Scientists refute this because orbital paths show that the solar system is heliocentric.
celestial sphere . . . ?
When observation shows a flaw in a model, the model is changed.
it had a bad experiment
yes
how did the ptolemaic model supposedly agree with the bible
Epicycles helped account for the apparent motion of the other planets in the geocentric model.
The meaning of flaw in this context is a defect in the theoretic model.