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Built in 1845 as a source of power, water and transportation, the 11-mile Augusta Canal was one of the few successful industrial canals in the American South. By 1847 the canal had its first factories - a saw and grist mill and the Augusta Factory- the first of many that would eventually line the canal.

creating what its promoters hailed as "the Lowell of the South," in honor of the Massachusetts manufacturing powerhouse considered the home of the American Industrial Revolution.

By the time of the American Civil War, Augusta had become one of the South's few manufacturing centers. The power and transportation afforded by the Canal led to Augusta's selection as the location for the Confederate States Powderworks. The only buildings ever constructed by the government of Confederate States of America, the 28 Powderworks structures reached along the Canal for two miles. Other war industries established themselves on or near the Canal, making Augusta a critical supplier of ammunition and war materiel. Consequently, when the Civil War ended in 1865, Augusta found itself in reasonably good economic condition, unlike some other Southern cities devastated by the conflict.

In 1875 the canal was enlarged roughly to its current size. Boom years followed as massive factories including the Enterprise, King and Sibley textile mills, the Lombard Ironworks and many others opened or expanded. Farm families migrated to the city for factory jobs as "operatives." Largely employing women and children, some as young as seven or eight, the factories led to the rise of several "mill villages" in their precincts. By the 1890's working conditions in the mills-eleven-and-a-half hour days, work speed-ups and pay reductions-and living conditions in the mill villages created a climate ripe for labor unrest, but none of Augusta's strikes were successful.

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Q: What was the purpose of building the Augusta canal?
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