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The best known of the medicine societies (but certainly not the only one*) was the False Face Society, members of which used wooden masks often painted half red and half black, with very long black horsehair attached. These masks refer to a mythical hunchbacked old man and the masks were always carved with grotesque and distorted features.

Each of the Iroquois tribes had their own name for this society, usually referring to the mythical Old Man rather than "false face".

*Among the Senecas, for example, medicine men might belong to the False Face Society, or to the Secret Medicine Society (also known as the Little Water Medicine Society).

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Q: What was the society of the Iroquois medicine men?
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