They were called dogfights.
The aircraft mounted machine gun was at first simply a ground machine mounted for a gunner to fire. All sides in WW1 used it. The first successful machine gun fired by a pilot was the Lewis machine gun on a special mounting attached to the top wing, allowing the gun to fire over the propellor.
A cannon is a direct fire weapon as used on tanks. A machine gun is rapid fire weapon of a smaller caliber used by infantry or aircraft, and a howiitzer is artillery which uses a high angle of fire to project shells in a plunging manner on the target. In general, a cannon is 20mm or larger, a machine gun is 20mm or smaller and a howitzer is 75mm or larger.
Airplanes are generally fixed-wing aircraft. Aircraft can mean any type of flying machine, from airships (balloons/blimps), jets, propeller driven airplanes, rotor-wing (helicopters), UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), drones (about the same thing as a UAV), or the space shuttle.
The air forces of the different countries were very small so there were no real air battles. Instead one or two airplanes would encounter some enemy airplanes and they would exchange shots at each other. Even in WW2, there were not many big air battles. There was the Battle of Britain and some battles between large Allied bomber formations and massive German fighter attack squadrons. There were large air battles among navy aircraft carriers. Also the very first air-to-air combat in 1914 and early 1915 were single aircraft or two using a rifle and may a simple machine gun. Not all of these small combat encounters were recorded, even if an aircraft was shot down or a pilot killed.
The first aircraft fitted for war were civilian designed planes with crew members armed with rifles, machine guns and in some cases bricks. When WW1 started there were no identifiable war planes. The aircraft were strictly reconnaissance. The observers (two man crews) armed themselves and would take pot shots at each other. The first verified downing of an enemy aircraft came on Oct 5 1914 the crew of a French reconnaissance Voisin III pusher biplane recorded the first "kill" by shooting down a German Aviatik B.1. The observer in the Voisin stood in his seat and fired a machine gun at the opposing airplane. The first single seater fighter aircraft was born when the French developed the a deflector (steel deflector plates attached to propellers) that allowed pilots to attack and not shoot their own propeller off. Roland Garros shot down the first plane on 1st of April, 1915. Shortly after the Germans captured a French plane equipped with the deflector, Anthony Fokker developed the interrupter gear that timed the machine gun bursts to go between rotations of the propeller. This allowed for greater accuracy. On 1st of August 1915, German pilot Oswald Boelke scored the first kill using an Eindecker monoplane equipped with the interrupter and the true fighter aircraft was born.
Battles between aircraft are known as dogfights.
dogfights
I believe that a cannon has a larger caliber than a machine-gun.
An aircraft is any flying machine including blimps, helicopters, hot air balloons, etc. An airplane is a fixed wing aircraft like an airliner or personal General Aviation plane.
The aircraft mounted machine gun was at first simply a ground machine mounted for a gunner to fire. All sides in WW1 used it. The first successful machine gun fired by a pilot was the Lewis machine gun on a special mounting attached to the top wing, allowing the gun to fire over the propellor.
Cannon is a term typically used to denote a weapon with a bore of 20mm or greater.
Of course not!
A catapult system is used to launch aircraft form the deck of aircraft carriers. They are used in movies and for period specific theme parks. They are also used to launch pumpkins in competition.
Bombs, cannon and machine guns
Aeroplane, aircraft.
Machine guns in fighter and bomber aircraft, bombs in the Luftwaffe aircraft and anti-aircraft guns in Britain.
A machine that imitates riding in an aircraft or tank.