What were military advancements ancient Romans were known for?

Answer 1

The best known Roman military advances are the ballista and the onager.

The Romans adopted the Greek ballista in the 2nd century BC. The Greek ballista, a crossbow-like catapult, was a siege weapon. The metal components were transported, but the wooden frame and other wooden components were built on the spot using local wood. It was deployed on siege towers or at the edge of the battlefield. Later they developed it into more of a field weapon by making smaller versions. The ballista could fire both bolts and spherical projectiles. The Romans adopted a more advanced and much more complicated version of this weapon, the torsion ballista.

Initially the bow of the Roman ballista was mounted on square or rectangular wooden frame held together by iron plates. They had a long stand which had a slider attached to a pair of winches and a claw at the back. The bolt or stones were loaded on the slider and the winch stretched the bowstring backwards to prepare it for firing. Torsion springs made of ropes of animal sinew were twisted around the arms of the bow and the bow was attached to the bow string. When the bowstring was drawn back, this twisted the springs which were already very taut, thus creating larger torsion energy for firing. The torsion springs were attached to by frame iron or bronzed clasps which could be moved to different holes and secured with pins. This allowed make adjustments the symmetrical balance of the arms of the bows or adaptations for the weather conditions.

The Romans also developed different versions of the ballista. The Manuballista was a smaller, handheld version made entirely of iron. The Carroballista was a cart-mounted version. This version made the ballista much more flexible and mobile, allowing it to follow the troops as the battle developed and making it a much better battlefield weapon. The ancient sources said that the Romans developed the polybolos, a repeating' ballista' which shot 11 shots a minute. This was at least four times the rate of an ordinary ballista. However, none has been found by archaeologists. The bolts were kept in a magazine and after a shot a rotating cam placed the next bolt on the shaft were the bolts were fired.

The ballista was a very effective weapon. It was very accurate and its operators could hit a man Projectiles could be fired over walls. It could reach over 500 yards (460 m), but it could be sued effectively in battle at a much shorter range. The making of the bowstring and torsion springs was very complicated. The Ropes were made of highly intertwined strands and they had to be assembled at a very high level of tension, making this a specialized job.

The onager was a large rectangular frame which had an inverted V shaped frame with a beam at the front and two parallel beams at the back fixed onto it. It used the torsional force from a twisted rope. In the middle of the two parallel beams there was a spoke which passed through a rope attached to a windlass at the lack of the rectangular frame. A sling which contained the projectile was attached to it. The spoke was forced down against the tension of the twisted ropes and then released. As the sling was trusted forward, it released the projectile. The spoke was then pulled back again with a padded beam. The onager was a siege weapon and in the Late Empire it was used to defend besieged forts or towns. It was more powerful than a similar version used later, from around 1200. It was named after an Asian wild donkey because its kicking resembled the shooting with this catapult.

Answer 2

The size and breadth of the Roman Empire, art, building the Colosseum in Rome, the death of Jesus.