their large area of land
Figure it out
They won because of having small easy to maneuver ships
Triremes, same as the Greeks
They used clever strategy and tactics. The Greeks gave out the idea that they were going to flee from Salamis, and so the Persians sent a third of their fleet around to cover the rear channel. This evened up the two adversaries actually present at the battle. The Greeks also stayed in the strait at Salamis. The Persians, thinking the Greeks would try to escape in either direction, sat all night at their oars in a heavy sea swell to block any exit, and so were exhausted by the morning of the battle. They then had to enter the bay by splitting their fleet into two to go around each side of the island of Psyttaleia and so were on these two narrow fronts rather than is proper battle formation. This allowed the Greeks to strike them from the flanks before they could reform. And this was particularly decisive as the lighter Greek ships relied on ramming the sides of the Persian ships which preferred to close with an enemy ship and fight it side on. They were able to drive into the sides of the extended lines of Persian ships.
The battle of Thermopylae where Persian forces were able to use a little known mountain trail to outflank the Greeks during the battle .
Battle
They lost at Salamis.
This was due to their use of the Phalanx
Figure it out
The nearby Strait of Artemesion was selected by the Greeks for a decisive sea battle against the Persian fleet to eliminate its threat against the southern Greek cities. In order to precipitate the sea battle, the narrow pass at Thermopylai was selected to block the Persian army's march south, and force the Persians to use their fleet to turn the blockage. When the sea battle failed to deliver a victory, the Greek fleet retired to Salamis to try again, and the pass at Thermopylai was abandoned as no longer useful.
They used them to go to battle or to ship food.
defence