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The first battle of the Civil War is generally considered to be the attack on Fort Sumter, South Carolina, by South Carolina militia and students from The Citadel Military Academy, April 12 - 13, 1861.

The last large-scale battle of the Civil War was the Third Battle of Petersburg, Virginia, April 2, 1865, with daily battles each day until Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865. Appomattox Courthouse is often given as the last battle but it was really just the last battle for armies under General Lee.

The battle for Columbus, Georgia occurred a few days later on April 16, 1865 (it is also called the Battle of Girard). This was the final battle of the Civil War in many accounts. The Confederates put up a strong resistance in the town of Girard before collapsing. The Union forces stormed in, burned the city, and captured Jefferson Davis a few days later.

The battle of Palmito Ranch, Texas, May 12-13 is also often called the last battle of the Civil War. Oddly, this may be the only major war where the last battle was won by the losing side!

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Q: What were the beginning and ending battles of the U. S. Civil War?
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