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"Islamic" means that it is related to the religion called "Islam". Such countries had, and still have, a population which, in their majority, was islamic.
The Islamic Caliphates provided much of the basic science that the European Scientific Revolution used as grounding for its scientific discoveries. Other than that, the Scientific Revolution itself did not involve the Islamic Caliphates or Islamic Empires in the slightest.
APEX: Promote Islamic scholarship in their territories.
True where geographic realms meet tranistion zones, not sharp boundaries
APEX: Science and technology flourished in Islamic caliphates but declined in Western Europe.
One is translated the writing of the ancient greeks
Arab Traders were responsible for proselytizing Islam beyond the borders of the various Caliphates, allowing for the peaceable expansion of Islam and, therefore, the Islamic World.
Islam was primarily spread by the Islamic Caliphates, which were Islamic Empires that conquered many territories. Once those territories were conquered, the lower-class status for Non-Muslims prompted wide-scale conversion. Merchants also spread the religion to many regions outside of the Caliphates.
Boundaries or Borders
Boundaries on Earth's surface are called geographic boundaries. These boundaries can be natural, such as mountains, rivers, and coastlines, or they can be artificial, such as borders between countries or states. Geographic boundaries help define territories, separate landforms, and demarcate political jurisdictions.
an ocean
an ocean