Most Arabs had been fighting intensively for centuries prior to the Rise of Islam, which meant that a huge percentage of the population could be mobilized for warfare. Additionally, the Early Caliphate conquered territories quite easily due to coordinated mounted attacks (horseback raids). Additionally, prior to Mohammed, Arabia had been seen as a cultural and political backwater barely worth notice and therefore Mohammed's consolidation of the Arab Tribes was not seriously considered by the Byzantine and Sassanian Empires. This lead to a very porous southern defense and miscalculation of the Islamic Armies.
Arab Tribes and warriors owed their loyalty to their Sheikhs and leaders without fault because the Sheikh provided each person with all of the amenities and protection necessary to live a full life. Whenever the Arabs went to war, the Sheikhs could count on the ability to muster their tribesmen as soldiers without issue.
In the Ottoman Period, the Ottoman Sultans used many modern devices of war such as cannons, uniforms, unit formations, and complex strategies to win victory over the Byzantine, Bulgarian, Serbian, and Hungarian Empires.
There is no Islamic Empire.
The title of the Islamic Empire was Caliphate. The Caliph was called Amir-ul-Momineen.
It depends on the Islamic Empire in question. Assuming that you are talking about the Abbassid Caliphate (which is most commonly referred to as "the Islamic Empire"), the group that brought them down was the MONGOLS.
In 1492 the Islamic Empire finally left Spain but i dont know when it began.
One of the strengths of the Ottoman Empire was that it was very large and spread out. One weakness is that the Empire was too spread out and therefore vulnerable to attacks.
strengths: they were well endowed weaknesses: they were all gay
Yes. The Mughal Empire was a great Empire of the Muslims in India.
Different in different parts of the empire.
Ottoman Empire
The Abbasids, as the ones from the Islamic Empire.
Invasions by the Islamic Ottoman Empire destroyed the Byzantine Empire.
By forming Islamic armies, conquering non-Islamic countries, and making them into Islamic countries. Simple.