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dual monarchy.
a single ruler
gunpowder empires
Austrian and Hungarian
a single ruler
Babylonia was called the Babylonian Empire. It was one of the ancient of empires. In 1792 BC BCE it was formed by the Amorite ruler named Hammurabi.
The Byzentine Empire formed from the Eastern Roman Empire. The Mongol Empire was formed in Asia. During the Medieval times, there was the Holy Roman Empire. There were tons of empires, I can't list them all!
Austrian and Hungarian
dual monarchy.
Iran was established when the Medes empire was formed with the Achaemenid empire. Cyrus the Great joined the two empires and established Persia, which was the biggest empire the world had ever seen. Several empires have risen from Iran and have conquered more land than Genghis Khan, Alexander the Great and Russia.
It sound like you are talking about the European colonial empires. Britain, France, Portugal, Germany, Italy and Belgium formed empires by conquering lands in Africa, the Americas and Asia and turning them into colonies. Spain had created the oldest colonial European empire in South and Central America and the Philippines , but lost it in the 19th century.
The Seleucid Empire formed when The Macedonian Empire ( Empire of the Macedonians / empire of Macedon collapsed . After Alexander the Great Died there was no evident heir to the throne . His last words were na naisilnite ( на најсилните ) - to the strongest . this was in terms of the heir to the empire . His empire fell into chaos as his generals fought over his empire . eventually , the Turks formed The Seleucid Empire and took the empires land leaving them with their european territory only . With the exception of northern Thrace . it is debated weather it was taken by Bulgarians , or Thracian rebels .