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Woodland tribes naturally had access to many types of timber for making weapons.

The Cherokees used black locust wood to make their bows, which averaged around 60 inches long; arrows were made from shoots fletched with hawk or turkey feathers.

The Chickasaws used Osage Orangewood for their bows, again around 60 inches long. Arrows were of phragmites reed with inserted hardwood fore-ends to hold points of stone or bone - no feathers were attached.

The Choctaws made bows of hickory, about 71 inches tall. Their arrows were of hardwood shoots and had deer antler points and turkey fletchings.

The Fox tribe made shorter bows of hickory, around 42 inches long. Arrows were of split hickory with eagle feathers and stone points.

The Iroquois, Shawnee, Naskapi, Penobscot and others also used hickory, which is a strong, pliant timber both for bows and arrows.

The Montagnais, uniquely, used conifer wood for bows - most people would consider it too weak.

The ball-headed war club was a favourite of the Iroquois tribes but it was also used by some of the Algonquian groups. It was made from the root of a hardwood tree, with a more-or-less spherical ball at the business end and a curving handle all in one piece. Sometimes inlaid with metal obtained in trade, or set with a knife-blade in the ball, this was a fearsome close-quarter weapon.

Other clubs had a round or egg-shaped stone set on a short handle.

Some tribes used a kind of armour made of hardwood slats set horizontally and tied with leather strips; some developed wooden or leather shields. Spears and stone knives were also used.

After contact with Europeans, metal knives, axes and guns were quickly adopted - the Iroquois appear to have completely given up using bows as soon as guns were available.

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thay hade spears,WOOD BALL HEAD CLUB,

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Q: What were weapons made of by the Eastern Woodland Indians?
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