For a network with 12 devices or less, you don't need a router - except for the ADSL router (or equivalent for other technologies) provided by your internet Service Provider.
Routers are used in larger network, to divide a large network into smaller pieces (subnets) for administrative purposes, and for efficiency. They are also used to connect different offices of a company through WAN technologies. Also, routers give access to some additional technologies. None of these are relevant for a home network.
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A straight cable is used to connect a PC to a hub, switch, or router.
Powerdsine 12 Port Power Over Ethernet Hub is reasonable priced and is capable of connecting to 12 different computers, the next alternative is the HP 12 Port FiberChannel Hub which can also connect 12 machines, just not over ethernet.
All you have to do is run a CAT-5 cable from one of the ports on your wirless router to the Uplink on your HUB....also keep in mind that when you plug something into the uplink port sometimes there is another port that you MUST LEAVE OPEN in order for the hub to work properly....to find out if this is the case look up the router on the manufacturer's website....and if you don't know what model it is or you're having trouble finding out the manufacturer usually you can find a sticker on the hub that has a combination of letters and/or numbers....take one of them at a time and google them....usually at least one of the numbers will let you know what company makes it and you can go from there
COM port is used to configure a router but you can also get a COM port to USB port adapter which can configure a router using a USB port.
A router is primarily a layer 3 device that connects one network via a port to a switch on another port. Most home routers today come with an integrated switch (multiple ports). As such, a router would not contain a hub. Some routers may also have built-in firewalls and VPN tunneling capabilities, including auditing and logging functionality. They may also contain DHCP and NAT capabilities which you typically won't find in a switch.
Network hub can be shared with your home or office and also serve as a router too
FastEthernet Port Serial Port
Yes, you can daisychain multiple smaller hubs, or buy a router.
Bridge, Switches, Router.
To forward ports on your router just login to your router's on-line interface. Port Fowarding is used when a program (lets use FileFind [not a real program]) requests a port the router doesn't understand. Lets say that FileFind requests port 130 on your router, but your router doesn't have a port 130. It does, however, have a 128. The port forwarding tells the request to port 130 to be routed through port 128.
Yes, you plug the USB port of the printer into the USB port in the router.