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Rudolf Carnap was a prominent logical empiricist or logical positivist. He argued that all metaphysical problems are pseudo problems (particularly the problem of realism vs. idealism). This is because statements are meaningful if and only if they are verifiable, which means that the meaning of a statement is given by the conditions of its verification. Metaphysical (ontological) statements are not verifiable. He later distinguished between a metaphysical systems "internal questions" and "external questions." While the former are genuine questions whose answers can be determined either by empirical or logical means, the latter are pseudo-questions.

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2d ago

According to Carnap, metaphysical words like "essence," "necessity," "substance," and "being" are meaningless because they cannot be empirically verified or falsified. Carnap believed that metaphysical statements do not convey any factual content and are therefore not meaningful in a scientific sense.

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Q: What words of metaphysics are meaningless if Carnap is right?
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