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What would a roman do when at the baths?

Updated: 8/20/2019
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As Roman houses had no baths, their baths were public and had a communal character, acting as a place for socialising. From the second century BC they were one of the main meeting points for people. They could be big monumental buildings which were like mini cities. Friends met there, group meals were arranged. Bigger baths could have shops, eating areas, washing areas, massage areas, rooms for poetry readings and a library. Politicians canvassed there. There was often an outdoor palestra (gymnasium) where men played ball games, lifted weights, or threw the discus. The Romans believed that good health came from eating, bathing, massage and exercise. Therefore their baths provided for all of these.

Washing was separate from bathing. People put on perfumed oils and scrape dirt off their bodies with a stirgil, a metal tool. Pumice and beech ash, which led to dry skin, were used. Afterwards bathers went to massage rooms which were done with perfumed oils and special ointments such almond oil and myrrh imported from the East and Egypt.

Bathing was a long process. After undressing in the apodytermium bathers went to the tepidarium which was heated with warm air to prepare for the hot vapour of the baths and for anointing, which was usually done by slaves. They then proceeded into the caldarium, a hot air room, which contained a square-shaped pool with hot water (calida piscina) and a labrum, a round basin with cold water bathers poured on their heads before leaving the room. In imperial times a laconicum or sudatorium was added. This was a very hot, sauna-like room. After having opened the pores of the skin in the tepidarium, caldarium and laconicum, bathers went into the frigidarium, which had a pool with cold water, to close the pores. Finally they went back to the tepidarium to readjust to the outdoors temperature. As bathing was done in the nude, women had a separate area where they followed the same procedure.

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Q: What would a roman do when at the baths?
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