Then it would be Lithium :)
No. Elements are given their names (like "Hydrogen" or "Gold") solely on their number of protons. If a Hydrogen atom had any other number of protons than one, it would not be a Hydrogen atom.
One. Charge doesn't change the number of protons because charge results for a loss or gain of electrons. If it had more than one proton, it would be some kind of Helium instead of being a hygroden.
the number of protons change because of the more protons you add on
Helium has more mass than hydrogen. Helium is composed of two protons and two neutrons, while hydrogen is a single proton.
No because the number of protons can not change. If it does it would then be Oxygen. Think of a proton as an id number or SSN.
Adding protons would make it a different element. If Electrons were added to an atom, it would start behaving like another element. For example Fluorine would try to be more like Neon. All elements want balance, so they get as close in relation to these noble gases as possible by sharing, stealing, and giving up electrons
If you look at the periodic table, the atomic number denotes the number of protons in the element. For example, the first element on the table is hydrogen, and it has one proton (the fewest). Element number two is helium, and it has two protons, etc.
Yes. Although hydrogen is a non-metal, there is metallic hydrogen. It is formed when hydrogen is sufficiently compressed and undergoes a phase change; it is an example of degenerate matter. Solid metallic hydrogen consists of a crystal lattice of protons with a spacing which is significantly smaller than a Bohr radius. Indeed, the spacing is more comparable with an electron wavelength. The electrons are unbound and behave like the conduction electrons in a metal. As is the dihydrogen molecule H2, metallic hydrogen is an allotrope. In liquid metallic hydrogen, protons do not have lattice ordering.
If an ion has more electrons than protons, it would carry a negative charge, making it an anion. This occurs because electrons are negatively charged, and their surplus over protons (which are positively charged) results in an overall negative charge for the ion. The magnitude of this negative charge corresponds to the difference between the number of electrons and protons. For example, if there are two more electrons than protons, the ion would have a charge of -2.
No, a water molecule contains the same number of protons and electrons. In a water molecule (H2O), there are 10 protons (2 from each hydrogen and 8 from oxygen) and 10 electrons (2 from each hydrogen and 8 from oxygen).
The gas is helium. Helium is inert and has 2 protons, while hydrogen has 1 proton.
Technically if you could change the numbers of protons of any element to the numbers of protons in gold (79), then yes, that would create gold. This was long a dream of the early alchemists. It can only be done, however, in cyclotrons, where the nuclei of an element can be bombarded with high-energy protons. Any tiny amounts of gold created would cost enormously more to create than you would make selling the gold.