Hydrogen ions are pumped across the membrane by carrier proteins of the electron transport chain
A proton pump.
Krebs cycle
The chemical gradient refers to the imbalance of substances across the membrane. The Electrical Gradient refers to the difference of charges between substances on different sides of the Membrane. The Electrochemical Gradient refers to the combination of the previous two gradients. The short answer is MEMBRANE POTENTIAL.
In diffusion, the movement of particles across a membrane is driven by an electrochemical gradient-the ion's concentration gradient and the membrane potential. Substances will passively diffuse down their concentration gradient to where they are less concentrated. Since the inside of a cell is negative compared to its outside, the membrane potential will drive the passive transport of cations into the cell and anions out of the cell due to electrostatic attractions.
The hydrogen falls down its electrochemical gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration, through the ATP synthase and provides the force to power this synthase and synthesize ATP.
down their electrochemical gradients.
concentration gradient.
The chemical gradient refers to the imbalance of substances across the membrane. The Electrical Gradient refers to the difference of charges between substances on different sides of the Membrane. The Electrochemical Gradient refers to the combination of the previous two gradients. The short answer is MEMBRANE POTENTIAL.
w hen solute concentrations differ on the two sides of a membrane
Its an active transport and use sodium channel generally _____ Diffusion is itself a pathway of travel across a cell membrane. Diffusion can be "simple diffusion" which is simply an ion moving across the membrane anywhere, or "fascilitated diffusion", where an ion moves across the membrane in a specific channel. Either way, diffusion involves the movement of that ion along its concentration gradient and requires no energy. Active transport is not the same as diffusion. Active transport requires energy.
Na/K ATPase is essential in maintaining the electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane. The electrochemical gradient generated by transporting Sodium out and Potassium in is used in secondary active transport, maintanence of osmotic balance, and most importantly, action potential generation and propagation in muscle and nerve cells.
In diffusion, the movement of particles across a membrane is driven by an electrochemical gradient-the ion's concentration gradient and the membrane potential. Substances will passively diffuse down their concentration gradient to where they are less concentrated. Since the inside of a cell is negative compared to its outside, the membrane potential will drive the passive transport of cations into the cell and anions out of the cell due to electrostatic attractions.
The hydrogen falls down its electrochemical gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration, through the ATP synthase and provides the force to power this synthase and synthesize ATP.
The hydrogen falls down its electrochemical gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration, through the ATP synthase and provides the force to power this synthase and synthesize ATP.
down their electrochemical gradients.
across the thylakoid membrane
The transport of a substance across the cell membrane against its concentration gradient is called active transport.
concentration gradient
concentration gradient.