You are describing a bullion piece sold for its silver content and not a coin intended for spending. The design really has nothing to do with its value. Check your newspaper or a financial site for the current price of 1 oz. of silver. The price has been in the 17-18 $ range but changes every day.
That is a privately minted silver round. It only has a bullion value for the ounce of silver it contains -- as of 6/2012 that is about $28 Current prices for an ounce of silver can be found at www.kitco.com
This a 1oz silver bullion coin. It is worth around $40 because of the silver content. It is worth the price of silver per ounce.
Silver currently sells for about $14/oz.
If by 'featherhead' you mean an Indian Head, then the coin is a counterfeit, most likely from China. Silver dollars minted in 1851 have an allegorical figure of Liberty in a seated position, holding a shield inscribed 'Liberty', and a Phrygian cap on a long pole. The reverse has an eagle with a stars & stripes shield on its breast. If your coin looks like this, then I would recommend that you show it to a reputable dealer or send it to one of the reputable grading/authentication services (PCGS, NGC, ANACS). If genuine, it is quite a scarce coin. Good Luck!
In 1906 you could see Indian Head Cents, Liberty Head Nickels, Barber Dimes, Barber Quarters, Barber Half Dollars and Morgan Silver Dollars in pocket change. In addition you could , from time to time, probably find older US coins such as the Shield Nickel, the Seated Liberty Dime, Seated liberty Quarter, Seated Liberty Half Dollar and Seated Dollars.
All US silver dollars minted from 1794 to 1935 carried a picture of Miss Liberty. There were none with an Indian Head design.
Standing Liberty Quarters have vastly different values depending on their grades. If your coin is well worn, that is, if you can't see the full union shield on Liberty's shield, it is worth about $6 for the silver in it. If it is in better condition, it can be worth around $30-50+ depending on its condition. It isn't a rare date but high-grade standing liberty quarters are always in demand and if it is certified as a high grade (MS-63+) it can be worth over $100.
No U.S. silver dollars have an Indian Head design, so if you have one it's not real. A genuine silver dollar coin dated 1851 would be a Seated Liberty coin. I have seen many 'fantasy' silver rounds with the Indian Head design with different dates, but they all have the 1oz .999 fine silver markings somewhere on the coin.
None of the coins listed in this question contain any silver or gold. All are just face value.
The value is only for the silver, about $35.00
The 1899 $5 silver certificate depicts Running Antelope, one of the most famous warriors, orators, and a tribal chief in the Sioux Nation. He is one of the few individual Native Americans to be honored on a piece of US currency. Others were composite images (e.g. the chief depicted on the Indian Head nickel), posed portrayals (the Indian Head cent) or interpretations (the Sacajawea dollar). The bill was controversial, not because it depicted a Native American warrior but because its designers engraved a Pawnee headdress on Running Antelope's portrait rather than showing the correct Sioux headdress.
No, but there are "Walking Liberty" American Silver Eagle coins.