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The Roman Empire was at its smallest extent when it started. Rome's first expansion was into the mountains of central and southern Italy in the current Italian regions of Marche, Umbria, Abruzzo, Campania, Molise and Lucania. This happened in the interwar period between the Second Samnite War (326-304 BC) and the Third Samnite War (298-290 BC) and at the end of the latter war. She then expanded into Apulia and Calabria (the heel and the toe of Italy) in the 270s and 260s.

Rome seized the Carthaginian possessions in western Sicily, and Sardinia and Corsica at the end of the First Punic War (241 BC) and in southern Spain in 206 BC, during the Second Punic War. After that she expanded into the eastern Mediterranean.

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The Roman Empire's extent was the smallest in the year 27 BC, just before the beginning of the imperial period with Augustus as the emperor. At this time, the Roman Empire only encompassed the Italian peninsula, and its territorial holdings were limited compared to its later expansions.

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Q: What year was the roman empire's etent the smallest?
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