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Linux Security Tool Distribution (STD) is really good.
Not really, it's depending on what do you want. I suggest Kali Linux for penetration testing/hacking and Ubuntu for gamers/programmers.
BT4 is the most complete Linux distribution with Pentesting tools preinstalled but you still need some knowledge.
instead of windows you can have linux or mac. they are different, but you will know whats best for you when you try them, linux is free to download.but you need an operating system (windows, mac, linux or any other OS) for the computer to work
This can vary depending on the Unix/Linux distribution. Your best bet is to use the 'man mount' or 'info mount' commands.
"The linux computer that is the best for your situation is the one that uses Linux. I would recommend going to a place that sells computers, like Best Buy to find out."
The best resource one could find for this type of information is the Fedora Project's website. It has helpful information for those looking to work with the company.
PHP with Linux is completely different, since everything is free (Linux, Apache, Mysql, FileZila, PHP, etc.). Linux is also way more stable for production use, since it's regularly updated (at least once a months, for certain distribution). Remember, the Internet runs on Linux, mostly CentOS and RedHat.However, windows is way more compatible with everyday applications. The best would be to have a development computer running Linux (buy an old, use computer, install Linux on it), and have an everyday Windows computer.
There are many different type of Linux operating systems available. These are called distributions (or distros.) Some of them are-Debian and it's derivatives such as ubuntufedora which is good for systems with simple and small computer system (or oldcomputer system) because of it's limited system requirements.Another Linux distribution is OpenSUSE which largely used in it organizations and sponsored by Novell.Many more Linux versions are available such as Linux mint, slackware and others. Best to check out this site below:
Linux Mint to learn. Ubuntu for gamers/programmers & Kali Linux for penetration testers and hackers.
Linux Administration
Most businesses will not have employees familiar with the use of Linux distributions. In this case, a more windows-like version would be recommended, such as Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Zorin OS or PCLinuxOS. If you are planning to keep your company computers small and cheap then a lightweight distribution would be best. Lubuntu, Xubuntu, Puppy Linux, Bodhi and Damn Small Linux are all easy to run on older hardware.