Vacated congressional seats are generally filled by appointment by the governor of the state.
She was elected in 2010, after being appointed in 2009 to the seat vacated by Hillary Clinton when she became US Secretary of State.
She won a Special Election in 1993 to fill the seat vacated by Senator Lloyd Bentsen when he became the Secretary of the Treasury. She was elected in 1994 for a full term. Was reelected in 2000 and again in 2006.
Yes, he was a senator from Ohio from 1974 to 1999. He defeated interim appointee Howard Metzenbaum (who became Ohio's other senator) to fill the seat vacated by William Saxbe, which meant that he served 24 years and 10 days, having been re-elected 3 times.
The vice president
The vice-president becomes president if the presidency is vacated.
Mike Quigley
David Paterson chose Kristen Gillibrand for the Senate seat vacated by Hillary Clinton
No. Gore vacated his senate seat when he became Bill Clinton's VP.
Roland Burns was appointed by the governor to fill Obama's vacated senate seat.There was considerable controversy about the way the appointment was made and about Burns's credentials.
The Presidential Succession Act
He is alleged (charged) with illegally trying to sell the appointed senate seat, vacated when Barrack Obama became President, and trying to pocket the money for himself.
The country did not have a vice-president until a new one was elected in the next presidential election. In those days, there was no procedure for replacing a vice-president who vacated his office. (George Mifflon Dallas from Pennsylvania became the next vice-president on March 4, 1845.)